畜禽养殖恶臭物质组成与测定及评估方法研究进展

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着我国畜禽养殖业的迅速发展，恶臭已成为引发周边居民投诉和纠纷的主要环境问题，严重制约了畜禽养殖业的可持续发展。因此，识别畜禽养殖恶臭来源及物质组成、总结恶臭测定技术和了解恶臭表征与评估方法，对于科学评估恶臭危害进而针对性地提出控制措施具有重要意义。系统梳理了畜禽恶臭物质的主要组成与特征，对比分析了畜禽恶臭主要测定技术的优缺点，讨论了主要的恶臭表征评估方法。畜禽恶臭中起关键作用的物质主要是挥发性脂肪酸类、含硫化合物、芳香族化合物（主要是酚类和吲哚）以及氨和挥发性胺类4类物质。畜禽恶臭的测定方法大致分为仪器分析法和嗅觉法2类，2类方法各有优劣。在分析现有恶臭成分的基础上，判别畜禽恶臭的关键物质，实现畜禽恶臭的现场连续监测是今后研究的热点。针对恶臭成分的复杂性，构建恶臭物质浓度与恶臭强度间的合理转化关系是进行恶臭评估的一种可行方法。

关键词: 畜禽养殖, 恶臭物质, 测定方法, 评估方法

Abstract:

With rapid development of the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China, odor from the industry has become a main environment issue that not only arouses complaints from nearby residents and disputes between the residents and the industry, but also seriously restrains sustainable development of the industry. It is, therefore, essential to determine sources and composition of the odor and sum up techniques or methods to determine, characterize and evaluate the odor, which is of great significance to scientific assessment of hazard of the odor and designing of control measures. In this review, compositions and characteristics of the odorants from the industry were collated, main techniques to measure odor compared for advantage and disadvantage, and chief methods to characterize and assess odor discussed. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), sulfocompound, aromatics (phenols and benzpyrole) as well as ammonia and volatile amine are the key substances in odor from the industry. Methods to determine the odor can be roughly sorted into two types, instrumental and olfactory, of which each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Based on analysis of compositions of the odorants available, key components of the odor from the industry are identified, and continuous in-situ monitoring of odor will be the focus for researches in future. Moreover, as the composition of odor is very complicated, establishment of a reasonable relationship model for mutual conversion between odor concentration and odor intensity may be a workable approach to quantitative evaluation of odor.

Key words: livestock and poultry breeding, odorant, measurement technique, assessment method

中图分类号:

X512

刘波, 王文林, 刘筱, 范婤, 杨婉静, 徐乔, 关雷, 曾杰亮, 李文静, 何斐. 畜禽养殖恶臭物质组成与测定及评估方法研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(10): 872-881.

LIU Bo, WANG Wen-lin, LIU Xiao, FAN Zhou, YANG Wan-jing, XU Qiao, GUAN Lei, ZENG Jie-liang, LI Wen-jing, HE Fei. A Review of Researches on Composition, Measurement and Assessment of Odorants in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(10): 872-881.

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