畜禽养殖氨排放核算方法和模型比较

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统梳理了国内外氨排放核算方法体系及相关模型，比较和评价了基于物质流核算和基于阶段管理模型的两类模型方法的优缺点和适用范围，认为在地区范围基于总氨态氮的物质流核算方法得出的结果较基于总氮的核算方法得出的结果更准确，而基于阶段管理的氨排放估算方法则更适合养殖场尺度氨排放核算；基于目前我国氨排放研究重点关注区域宏观核算和对微观管理指导不足的客观现实，提出了适合我国国情的综合阶段管理模型和区域统计模型的自下而上畜禽养殖氨排放核算框架新思路；指出未来氨排放核算研究重点包括阶段管理模型的精度提升、区域统计量的收集和数据准确度的提升、规模化畜禽养殖管理模式基础信息收集和粪污处理技术优化等方面，以期为我国畜禽养殖分区管理和精准治污提供理论指导和现实依据。

关键词: 畜禽养殖, 氨排放, 核算, 模型

Abstract:

In China, livestock management practices are under constant pressure for minimizing their impacts on the environment. This study aims at summarizing the previous researches and finding a proper way for the accounting of livestock ammonia emission in China, with the hope to provide theoretical and realistic basis for livestock regional management and delicacy management. The methods based on N or total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) flow and the models adopted were listed. Advantages and disadvantages of each method or model were analyzed. The results from the methods based on TAN flow are more accurate than the results from the methods based on N flow at the regional level. For Animal Feeding Operations at the farm level, the process-based models are more suitable than those methods based on N or TAN flow. For a long time, ammonia emission accounting researches in China were focused on macro accounting at the regional level, and few methods or models were adopted at the farm level. Based on the reality, a new potential bottom-up ammonia emission accounting framework was elaborated for livestock production management in China. An integrated model based on the process-based model and regional statistic model was developed for livestock production management. Different parameters, such as feed, excrement feature and disposal technology, were sorted and divided into six categories. Different factors were illustrated according to the livestock production management reality. Further researches have been proposed in the aspects of improving the accuracy of the process-based modes, investigating the status for livestock production management, gathering data at the regional level, localizing the parameters, optimizing waste disposal technology, etc.

Key words: livestock and poultry breeding, ammonia emission, accounting, model

中图分类号:

吴琼, 赵学涛. 畜禽养殖氨排放核算方法和模型比较[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(4): 300-307.

WU Qiong, ZHAO Xue-tao. Study on Accounting Method and Model of Ammonia Emissions From Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(4): 300-307.

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