苏南区域农田土壤和大气颗粒中镉和铅含量及对水稻的贡献研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究土壤和大气颗粒中镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）含量及其对水稻的贡献，采集了苏锡常农田区自然条件下生长的水稻以及相应的土壤和大气沉降样品，并对其中的重金属含量进行测定，结果显示，Cd含量高于江苏省土壤重金属含量背景值，大气降尘中w（Pb）达382 μg·g^-1。水稻根系对Cd的富集系数为0.62~3.20，平均值为1.91；Pb为0.02~0.06，平均值为0.04。大气对水稻籽粒中Pb的平均贡献率为32.7%，Cd为15.4%。水稻籽粒中Cd含量主要来自于土壤，来自大气沉降的较少；而Pb在土壤中的移动性和在水稻植株中的转运能力均较弱，水稻籽粒中Pb含量主要来自于大气。除了重金属本身的性质影响水稻对重金属的吸收和积累外，不同土壤环境和大气污染程度也会影响Cd和Pb的贡献率。因此，应根据重金属在水稻中的迁移积累特性和环境污染特点对农田水稻种植进行合理的规划和管理。

关键词: 重金属, 大气沉降, 贡献率, 土壤-水稻系统, 苏南地区

Abstract:

In order to explore the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soils and atmospheric particles and their contributions to rice, rice samples grown in farmlands and the corresponding soils, atmospheric particles were collected, in some typical agricultural areas of southern Jiangsu Province (Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou areas). The heavy metal concentrations of samples were determined and analyzed, especially for Cd and Pb. The results showed that the concentration of Cd in soil was much higher than that of the background in Jiangsu soil. The concentration of lead in the dustfall was 382 μg·g^-1. The enrichment coefficients of Cd in rice roots ranged from 0.62 to 3.20, with an average value of 1.91, which indicate that rice root can absorb Cd significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Pb in rice roots varied between 0.02 and 0.06, with an average value of 0.04. Based on the studied data, the average contribution rate of atmospheric particle to Pb concentration in rice grain was 32.7%, while the average contribution rate of atmospheric particle to Cd concentration in rice grain was 15.4%. The results show that Cd in the rice grain is mainly from the contribution of the soil, and rice accumulates Cd by transferring Cd in rice root into grain. The Cd from atmospheric deposition accounts for a small portion of grain Cd. On the contrary, the mobility in soil and the transfer of Pb in rice are weaker than those of Cd, and the Pb concentration in rice grain mainly comes from the contribution of atmospheric particle. Therefore, the different characters and sources of heavy metal will affect the absorption and accumulation of heavy metals in rice. In addition, different farmland environment and atmospheric pollution will affect the Cd and Pb contribution rates of soil and atmospheric particle to rice. Therefore, specific measures should be taken to control pollution sources and adjust the planting structure in accordance with the farmland environment.

Key words: heavy metal, atmospheric particle, contribution rate, soil-rice system, southern Jiangsu Province

中图分类号:

X503

徐兰, 周敏, 袁旭音, 汪宜敏, 唐豆豆, 张晓辉. 苏南区域农田土壤和大气颗粒中镉和铅含量及对水稻的贡献研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(3): 201-206.

XU Lan, ZHOU Min, YUAN Xu-yin, WANG Yi-min, TANG Dou-dou, ZHANG Xiao-hui. Study on Cadmium and Lead Concentrations in Soils and Atmospheric Particles and Their Contributions to Rice in the Typical Agricultural Area of Southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(3): 201-206.

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