镉污染红壤的钝化剂筛选及钝化效果

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0174

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择合适的钝化剂对镉（Cd）污染红壤修复极为重要。从化学形态角度研究了碳酸钙、硅酸钙、磷酸二氢钙和硫化钠4种常规钝化剂对Cd污染红壤中Cd的钝化效果，并利用盆栽试验从生物有效性角度对不同钝化剂如何影响小麦地上部生物量、籽粒产量和籽粒中Cd含量进行研究。结果表明，在土壤中添加碳酸钙、硅酸钙和硫化钠均使土壤pH值上升，而添加磷酸二氢钙则使土壤pH值下降。当钝化剂添加比例大于0.5%时，硅酸钙和硫化钠处理土壤pH值高于8.5，添加磷酸二氢钙的土壤pH值低于6.0，均超出小麦适宜生长pH范围，而添加碳酸钙的土壤pH值则稳定在7.6左右。按0.5%比例添加钝化剂后，从土壤Cd的化学形态变化来看，4种钝化剂对Cd的钝化效果由大到小依次为碳酸钙、磷酸二氢钙、硫化钠和硅酸钙，其中，碳酸钙对土壤中Cd钝化率最高，达到10.61%。磷酸二氢钙和碳酸钙可明显提高小麦地上部生物量和籽粒产量，添加硅酸钙对两者的影响较弱，添加硫化钠则强烈地抑制了小麦的正常生长。按0.5%比例分别添加磷酸二氢钙、碳酸钙和硅酸钙处理小麦籽粒Cd含量比对照分别降低32%、27%和19%，3个处理小麦籽粒Cd含量均符合GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》要求。在盆栽条件下，综合考虑钝化剂对土壤pH值和Cd钝化率的影响，以0.5%碳酸钙作为Cd污染红壤的钝化剂较好。

关键词: 红壤, 镉污染, 钝化剂, 小麦, 镉生物有效性

Abstract: It is of significance to select most efficient passivators for remediation of Cd polluted soils. Four conventional passivating agents, namely calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, dihydrogen phosphate and sodium sulfide, were compared for their efficacy to immobilize Cd in soils. Pot experiments were carried out to investigate passivation effects of passivators on fractionation and bioavailability of Cd in a Cd-contaminated red soil. The results indicate that addition of calcium carbonate, calcium silicate or sodium sulfide increased soil pH, whereas a reversal trend was observed with dihydrogen phosphate. At the application rate over 0.5%, soil pH values increased to higher than 8.5 with addition of calcium silicate or sodium sulfide, decreased to below 6.0 with addition of dihydrogen phosphate and maintained stable at 7.6 with addition of calcium carbonate. According to changes of soil Cd forms, the passivation efficiency decreased in the following orders:calcium carbonate, dihydrogen phosphate, sodium sulfide, calcium silicate. The maximum Cd immobilization rate of 10.61% was achieved after application of calcium carbonate in soil. Besides, wheat growth and grain yield were obviously promoted by dihydrogen phosphate and calcium carbonate, but strongly inhibited by sodium sulfide, and barely affected by calcium silicate. Cd contents in grain decreased by 32%, 27% and 19% with the addition of dihydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, respectively, all meet with the food safety standard. The pot experiment demonstrations that 0.5% calcium carbonate is more suitable to remediate Cd-contaminated red soil, because of its higher ability of increasing soil pH and lowering Cd mobility.

Key words: red soil, Cd contamination, passivator, wheat, bioavailability

中图分类号:

陈盾, 王小兵, 汪晓丽, 封克, 张绪美, 宋洁, 卑佳丽. 镉污染红壤的钝化剂筛选及钝化效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(1): 115-120.

CHEN Dun, WANG Xiao-bing, WANG Xiao-li, FENG Ke, ZHANG Xu-mei, SONG Jie, BEI Jia-li. Screening of Passivators for Cadmium-contaminated Red Soil and Their Effects on Soil Remediation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(1): 115-120.

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