不同水分条件下生物质炭添加对湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.0638

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究水分条件如何左右生物质炭添加对湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响，通过对室内培养240和720 d的添加生物质炭的土壤进行采样，分析了75%田间持水量、干湿交替和淹水3种水分条件下添加芦苇秸秆生物质炭（裂解温度分别为350和600℃）的湿地土壤微生物磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）量。结果表明，除75%田间持水量条件下培养240 d，生物质炭添加提高土壤微生物PLFAs总量和各类群微生物PLFAs量以外，75%田间持水量条件下培养720 d以及干湿交替和淹水条件下培养240和720 d，生物质炭添加均降低土壤微生物PLFAs总量和各类群PLFAs量，其中，干湿交替条件下土壤微生物PLFAs量下降幅度最大；培养240 d后添加裂解温度为350℃生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs总量及各类群微生物PLFAs量总体上高于添加裂解温度为600℃生物质炭的土壤。不同于未添加生物质炭的土壤，除75%田间持水量条件下的土壤放线菌以外，培养240 d后添加生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs总量和土壤其他类群微生物PLFAs量均高于培养720 d；除革兰阴性菌（G^-）外，总体上添加生物质炭的土壤微生物PLFAs量在干湿交替条件下最低，而在淹水条件下最高。75%田间持水量条件下，生物质炭添加提高土壤微生物丰富度指数（H）和均匀度指数（J），降低了优势度指数（D），而淹水条件下，培养240 d后生物质炭添加降低H和J指数，提高D指数，但干湿交替条件下生物质炭添加对土壤微生物多样性指数的影响没有明显规律性。冗余分析（RDA）和相关性分析结果表明，速效磷含量、硝态氮含量和pH与土壤微生物群落结构存在显著相关性，且相同水分条件下土壤微生物群落结构更为相似。研究认为添加生物质炭可通过自身性质和改变土壤理化性质来影响土壤微生物群落结构，而土壤水分条件和培养时间是左右生物质炭添加对微生物群落结构影响的重要因子。生物质炭添加仅促进75%田间持水量条件下培养240 d的土壤微生物生长，其他处理下生物质炭添加抑制大多数类群微生物生长或无影响。

关键词: 水分条件, 生物质炭, 磷脂脂肪酸, 土壤微生物, 微生物群落结构

Abstract: Soils with biochar pyrolyzed from reed straw at 350 and 600℃, were incubated under different water conditions[75% field water holding capacity (FWHC); drying rewetting cycle; water flooding] for 240 and 720 days, respectively. Soil PLFAs were measured to investigate the effect of water conditions on soil microbial community structure under biochar addition. The results show that biochar addition significantly increased total PLFAs content and the individual group microbial PLFAs content after 240-day incubation under 75% FWHC. However, their PLFAs content was significantly decreased under biochar addition under drying-rewetting cycle and water flooding, especially in the drying-wetting cycle treatment. Moreover, after 240-day incubation, PLFAs content of most microbial groups was higher in soils with biochars at 350℃ than those in soils with biochars at 600℃. Except for actinobacteria under 75% FWHC, comparing with the controls (no biochar addition), total PLFAs content and most group microbial PLFAs content was higher under 240-day incubation than those under 720-day incubation. Different from the controls, except for G⁺ bacteria, the other groups of microbial PLFAs content in soils with biochar was the highest under water flooding, and the lowest under drying-rewetting cycle. Under 75% FWHC, biochar addition increased soil microbial Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Pielou index (J), and decreased soil Simpson index (D). However, biochar addition decreased soil microbial H and J, and increased D under water flooding only after 240-day incubation. By contrast, biochar addition did not show clear effect on these indexes under drying-rewetting cycle. Redundancy analysis and partial correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between soil pH, nitrate N, available P and microbial community structures, and more similar soil microbial community structures under the same wet conditions. Moreover, the duration of incubation and water condition controlled the effect of biochar addition on soil microbial community structures. Soil microbial PLFAs content was promoted only by biochar addition under 75% FWHC within 240-day incubation, and decreased or not affected on microbial PLFAs under other treatments.

Key words: water condition, biochar, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), soil microbe, microbial community structure

中图分类号:

S154.3

于小彦, 杨艳芳, 张平究, 张群, 杜永固. 不同水分条件下生物质炭添加对湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(9): 1163-1171.

YU Xiao-yan, YANG Yan-fang, ZHANG Ping-jiu, ZHANG Qun, DU Yong-gu. Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Different Water Conditions[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(9): 1163-1171.

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