四川省主要农业投入品时空变化特征及影响因素

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.007

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 717-725.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.007

四川省主要农业投入品时空变化特征及影响因素

王启^1,2, 张辉³, 廖桂堂³, 兰婷^1,2, 高雪松^1,2, 乔善宝⁴, 姚兴柱⁵

1. 四川农业大学资源学院, 四川成都 611130;
2. 四川农业大学资源与地理信息技术研究所, 四川成都 611130;
3. 四川省农业厅土壤肥料与资源环境处, 四川成都 610041;
4. 四川省农业厅植物保护站, 四川成都 610041;
5. 四川省农业科学院遥感应用研究所, 四川成都 610066

收稿日期:2017-10-16 出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2018-08-23
通讯作者: 高雪松,E-mail:gxs80@126.com E-mail:gxs80@126.com
作者简介:王启(1994-),男,四川雅安人,硕士生,研究方向为土壤资源可持续利用研究。E-mail:wangqibilly@sohu.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41501243）

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the Main Agricultural Inputs in Sichuan Province and the Influencing Factors

WANG Qi^1,2, ZHANG Hui³, LIAO Gui-tang³, LAN Ting^1,2, GAO Xue-song^1,2, QIAO Shan-bao⁴, YAO Xing-zhu⁵

1. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
2. Institute of Resources and Geography Information Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
3. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Sichuan Agricultural Bureau, Chengdu 610041, China;
4. Plant Protection Station, Sichuan Agricultural Bureau, Chengdu 610041, China;
5. Remote Sensing Application Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China

Received:2017-10-16 Online:2018-08-25 Published:2018-08-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前资源环境约束日益严峻，农业投入品合理利用事关绿色发展与农业供给侧改革的推进。对四川省5个不同农业区主要农业投入品（化肥、农药、农膜）使用现状进行调查，结合往年统计数据并建立主成分回归模型，分析3大投入品施用强度的影响因素。结果表明：（1）研究区化肥使用总量近60 a间呈递增趋势，其中4个区化肥施用量现状超过发达国家上限标准（225 kg·hm^-2），有机肥投入量大小趋势与化肥相反。化肥投入结构失衡，各区总体表现为偏氮少钾。各农业区肥料利用效率有分异，川西北高原区最高（25.72 kg·kg^-1），攀西山地区最低（13.14 kg·kg^-1）；（2）1993-2013年间农药施用总量增加了56.96%。成都平原区农药投入量（6.17 kg·hm^-2）是攀西山地区（2.10 kg·hm^-2）的3倍。农药投入结构不合理，偏重杀虫剂；（3）1993-2013年间农膜总投入量增长了290%，地膜所占比例较大，可降解地膜只占10%；（4）种植便利度、城镇化率与3大农业投入品强度均呈正相关关系，种植结构与投入品强度均呈负相关关系。市场经济导向下种植结构快速调整，生产周期短、复种指数高的经济类作物大面积播种，化学投入品强度增加，并造成环境风险。针对四川省投入品用量不断上升、区域失衡和结构不合理等问题，提出应继续推广投入品高效环保施用技术；因地制宜优化种植结构，发展循环农业；普及适度经营管理模式，依托农业机械化对农户统一指导管理；实施以新型产品和服务为重点的减量增效补偿试点的措施。

关键词: 农业投入品, 时空变化, 影响因素, 减量增效措施

Abstract:

Due to the worsening resource and environmental problems throughout the world, the rational use of agricultural inputs for the green development and structural reform of agricultural supply front has become increasingly important. The present situation of main agricultural inputs, including fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural films of five different agricultural zones in Sichuan Province was investigated. Analyses were conducted on the basis of past statistical data. Results show that the total amount of fertilizer application had been increasing in the past 60 years, and the application amounts in four zones exceeded the limit standard of developed countries (225 kg·hm^-2). Organic fertilizers showed an opposite trend. The fertilizer input exhibited a structural imbalance with a high nitrogen content. Fertilizer efficiency varied among agricultural zones, in which the Northwestern Plateau had the highest efficiency (25.72 kg·kg^-1), whereas the Panxi Mountain Region had the lowest efficiency (13.14 kg·kg^-1). The total application amount of pesticides increased by 56.96% between 1993 and 2013. The amount for the Chengdu Plain (6.17 kg·hm^-2) was three times as much as that for the Panxi Mountain Region. The input structure was irrational and concentrated on insecticide. The total amount of agricultural films increased by 290% from 1993 to 2013. Most were mulch films, of which only 10% were degradable. Agricultural input intensity was positively correlated with planting convenience and urbanization rate but negatively correlated with planting structure. Planting structure adjusted rapidly with the market economy, which led to the emergence of environmental risks due to increasing chemical input intensity for large plantation of cash crops. For these reasons, highly efficient techniques for environmental protection must be promoted to solve the problems of increasing amounts of agricultural inputs, regional unbalance, and irrational structure. Planting structure should also be optimized and circular agriculture should be developed according to local conditions. Proper management mode and unified management with agricultural mechanization should be encouraged. Furthermore, subsidies that focus on high-technology products and services must be implemented.

Key words: agricultural inputs, spatial and temporal variations, influence factor, strategies of “reducing quantity and increasing efficacy”

中图分类号:

王启, 张辉, 廖桂堂, 兰婷, 高雪松, 乔善宝, 姚兴柱. 四川省主要农业投入品时空变化特征及影响因素[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8): 717-725.

WANG Qi, ZHANG Hui, LIAO Gui-tang, LAN Ting, GAO Xue-song, QIAO Shan-bao, YAO Xing-zhu. Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the Main Agricultural Inputs in Sichuan Province and the Influencing Factors[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(8): 717-725.

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四川省主要农业投入品时空变化特征及影响因素

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of the Main Agricultural Inputs in Sichuan Province and the Influencing Factors

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