我国农药使用量增长的驱动因素分解:基于种植结构调整的视角

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 将农药使用量增长的驱动因素分解为播种面积、各农作物用药强度和种植结构调整3个因素，利用2006-2016年农药使用量及农作物种植结构相关数据，从全国和区域2个层面，系统测算了这3个因素对农药使用总量增长的贡献率，着重分析了种植结构调整对农药使用总量增长的影响作用。近年来我国农作物种植结构总体呈现高用药农作物种植比例不断增加而中低用药农作物种植比例逐渐减少的变化趋势，高用药作物中蔬菜占比增加最明显，增加1.38%。西南地区是农业种植结构变化幅度最大的区域，其高用药作物种植比例增长8.54%。从农药使用量增长的驱动因素分解结果来看，种植结构调整对农药使用量增长的平均贡献率达50.10%，在部分年份种植结构调整甚至是促使农药使用量增长的最主要因素。西南、华中和东南地区高用药农作物对中低用药农作物的替代程度较高，种植结构调整是这3个地区农药使用量增长的最主要驱动因素。提出如下农药使用量控制管理的种植结构调整策略：采用合理的经济手段，引导农业种植结构向"节药型"方向转变；加强农药使用区域化治理，重点调整高强度用药地区农业种植结构；加大农药减量替代技术的政策支持力度，提高农户技术采纳率；完善农药使用总量控制制度建设，保障农业绿色化发展。

关键词: 农药使用量, 种植结构, 结构调整, 影响因素

Abstract: The contribution factors of increasingly pesticide consumption can be divided into cropping area, pesticide application dosage and cropping structure adjustment. The contribution rates of the three factors to the total growth of pesticide consumption in both national and regional levels have been measured and calculated, respectively. The relationship between pesticide consumption and cropping structure adjustment from 2006 to 2016 have been analyzed. In respect of the cropping structure in China in recent years, there have been an increasing on the proportion of crops with high pesticide application dosage and a decreasing on the proportion of crops with medium and low pesticide application dosage, and vegetables topped the proportion growth of high-dosage crops with 1.38% increase rate. The southwestern region of China achieved the most considerable adjustments in agricultural cropping structure with an 8.54% growth of proportion of high-dosage crops. From the decomposition results of driving factors of pesticide consumption growth, the average contribution rate of cropping structure adjustment reached 50.10%, and stood out as the most crucial factor propelling the pesticide consumption growth in some years. Besides, the southwestern, central and southeastern regions of China all underwent high-level substitution of crops with medium and low pesticide application dosage by high-dosage ones, and cropping structure adjustment played an essential role in elevating pesticide consumption in the three regions. Hence, the cropping structure adjustment is of strategic importance in the control and reduction of pesticide consumption:employ reasonable economic means to guide the agricultural cropping structure's transformation into "pesticide-saving" type; strengthen regionalization of pesticide consumption control, and focus on the adjustment of agriculture cropping structure in high-intensity pesticide consumption areas; intensify efforts of policy supports in pesticide reduction and substitution technologies and improve the technology adoption rate of farmers households; enhance the construction of pesticide consumption control system to ensure the green development of agriculture.

Key words: pesticide application dosage, cropping structure, structure adjustment, influential factor

中图分类号:

仇相玮, 胡继连. 我国农药使用量增长的驱动因素分解:基于种植结构调整的视角[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(3): 325-333.

QIU Xiang-wei, HU Ji-lian. Decomposition and Calculation of Contribution Factors of Pesticide Use Increase in China: Based on the Perspective of Cropping Structure Adjustment[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(3): 325-333.

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