安徽鹞落坪自然保护区乡村聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国自然保护区大多面临生态保护与脱贫攻坚的双重任务。保护区内乡村聚落空间格局则是当地自然环境、社会经济等多重因素作用的结果。开展保护区乡村聚落空间格局研究能够查明保护区内聚落空间特征及分异规律，为今后规范和引导保护区乡村建设，实现生态保护与经济社会协调发展提供决策参考。以安徽鹞落坪国家级自然保护区为例，综合运用GIS技术、景观指数定量分析方法分析鹞落坪自然保护区乡村聚落规模、形态、分布特征，探索地形、水源、区位以及社会等因素对乡村聚落空间格局的影响。结果表明：（1）鹞落坪保护区乡村聚落空间格局呈现出显著的功能区分异特征，核心区、缓冲区聚落规模小、形态复杂、分布稀疏，而实验区聚落规模大、形态规则、分布密集；（2）地形、水系、道路对保护区聚落空间格局有显著影响，区内聚落主要分布在海拔800 m以下，坡度15°以下，距河流、道路200 m以内的区域；（3）保护区聚落空间格局还与人口分布、经济发展、保护政策等社会因素密切相关。

关键词: 乡村聚落, 空间格局, 影响因素, 自然保护区

Abstract:

Most of the nature reserves need to alleviate poverty in their regions while protecting their ecosystems. The spatial pattern of rural settlements in natural reserves is the result of multiple factors such as local natural environment, social economy and so on. The study on the spatial pattern of rural settlements in nature reserves can identify the spatial characteristics and differentiation rules of settlements, and provide decision-making support to regulate and guide future rural development in nature reserves, and to coordinate ecological protection and economic development. Taking Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve as an example, the study analyzes the scale, shape and distribution of rural settlements in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve using landscape pattern analysis and GIS, and explores the impact of topography, water resources, location and social factors on the pattern of rural settlements. The study has the following findings:(1)The spatial patterns of rural settlements in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve differ greatly from one functional area to another. To be specific, settlements in the core and buffer areas are clustered together and have smaller sizes and unregular shapes, whereas the settlements in the experimental area are clustered together and have larger sizes and regular shapes. (2)Terrain, water system, and road have a notable impact on the spatial pattern of the settlements in the reserve. For instance, most rural settlements are located less than 200 m away from rivers and roads at an elevation of no more than 800 m and a slope of less than 15°.(3)The spatial pattern of settlements is also closely related to social factors such as population distribution, economic development, and protection policies.

Key words: rural settlements, spatial pattern, influencing factors, nature reserve

中图分类号:

钱者东, 夏欣, 张昊楠, 周大庆, 高军. 安徽鹞落坪自然保护区乡村聚落空间格局特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(12): 1105-1111.

QIAN Zhe-dong, XIA Xin, ZHANG Hao-nan, ZHOU Da-qing, GAO Jun. Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve and Its Influencing Factors[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(12): 1105-1111.

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