近江牡蛎指示的2001-2010年广东沿岸海域石油污染及其与沿海经济的关系

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索石油污染对广东沿岸海域生态环境的影响，用荧光法测定了2001-2010年该海域近江牡蛎（Crassostrea rivularis）体总石油烃含量，尝试建立了生态风险分级方法，并探讨石油污染与海洋经济间的关系。结果表明，研究海域牡蛎体总石油烃湿重w为<0.2~36 mg·kg^-1，总平均值为9.4 mg·kg^-1，明显高于1989-1992年的6.7 mg·kg^-1。珠江口总石油烃区域平均湿重（w=12.5 mg·kg^-1）显著高于粤东（8.7 mg·kg^-1）和粤西岸段（7.6 mg·kg^-1）（P<0.01），粤东和粤西地区差异不显著（P>0.10）。总石油烃湿重10 a变化趋势大体呈"V"型反转，对应生态风险较低或中等的频次分别占83.3%和16.7%，表明石油污染导致的生态风险较低，但有时或局部存在中等风险。2001-2010年总石油烃年平均干重与2000-2009年广东石油年消耗量呈显著负相关（r=-0.738，P<0.02），但与2000-2009年广东石油污染物年排放量呈显著正相关（r=0.752，P<0.02）。牡蛎体总石油烃含量的时空变化与陆源污染治理、产业结构和布局密切相关，并受沿海造船业、海洋工程和海上石油超高速增长的明显影响。

关键词: 近江牡蛎, 石油烃, 变化趋势, 生态风险, 广东沿岸

Abstract:

In order to study effect of oil pollution on ecological environment in coastal waters of Guangdong Province, the oysters (Crassostrea rivularis) from Guangdong coast during 2001-2010 were collected and the contents of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the organisms were determined by spectrofluorometry. A method to grade the ecological risk caused by oil pollution was built for finding the relations between the oil pollution and the Guangdong marine economy. The results indicate that TPH content in oyster samples ranged from <0.2 to 36 mg·kg^-1 (wet weight) with an average value of 9.4 mg·kg^-1, which was significantly higher than their average content of 6.7 mg·kg^-1 detected from 1989 to 1992. Along the coastal waters of Guangdong Province, the highest content of TPH presented in the Pearl River Estuary, which was significantly higher than that in eastern or western coastal part (P<0.01). The TPH was slightly higher in the eastern coast (8.7 mg·kg^-1) than in the western coast (7.6 mg·kg^-1), but the difference was not significant (P>0.10). During the decade, the annual average of TPH content in coastal waters of Guangdong Province had taken a V-shaped variation depending on the time changing. The frequencies of low or medium level ecological risk were 83.3% and 16.7%, respectively, indicating that low ecological risk was generally caused by oil pollution, while medium ecological risk occurred in a very low probability. Annual average of TPH content (dry weight) during 2001-2010 was negatively correlated to annual oil consumption during 2000-2009 (r=-0.738, P<0.02), but positively correlated to annual oil pollutants discharge during 2000-2009 (r=0.752, P<0.02). Temporal variation and spatial distribution of TPH content in the oysters were closely related to the oil pollution control from land source, industrial structure and industry layout along the coastal waters. In addition, it was also significantly influenced by the dramatic increase of coastal industries such as ship building, offshore engineering and oil mining.

Key words: Crassostrea rivularis, petroleum hydrocarbons, variation trend, ecological risk, Guangdong coast

中图分类号:

甘居利, 古小莉, 李刘冬, 柯常亮, 贾晓平. 近江牡蛎指示的2001-2010年广东沿岸海域石油污染及其与沿海经济的关系[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(10): 897-902.

GAN Ju-li, GU Xiao-li, LI Liu-dong, KE Chang-liang, JIA Xiao-ping. Oil Pollution and Its Relation to Marine Economy Along Guangdong Province Coast of China During 2001-2010 Based on Oyster as a Bio-Indicator[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(10): 897-902.

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