浙江省海盐县河流水体表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以浙江省海盐县水体监测断面位置处表层沉积物为研究对象，分析了表层沉积物中As、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和Cd这8种重金属元素含量和形态分布，采用地累积评价法（I_geo）、潜在生态危险指数（I_R）、沉积物质量基准（SQC）、平均效应区间中值商法（mERM-Q）和形态分析等方法评价了重金属的生态风险。研究结果表明：海盐县沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn均呈现不同程度的污染，以Zn污染最为普遍。地累积评价指数法评价结果显示，大部分水体沉积物重金属呈轻度到偏重度污染，其中Zn和Cd呈轻度以上污染的分别达16和10处。潜在生态危害指数评价结果显示，单个重金属的潜在生态风险指数（E_r）由大到小的排列顺序为Cd > Hg > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr，Cd是研究区域内主要的生态风险元素；I_R评价结果显示，采样点HN6、HN11和HN20的I_R分别为263、193和269，生态风险等级达中等级别。SQC评估结果显示，不同采样点处沉积物中重金属污染水平不同，且对水生生物影响不同；mERM-Q亦显示各采样点位沉积物中重金属均有不同程度的生态风险。研究区域沉积物中Cr主要以不可迁移态存在，而其他重金属则主要为可提取态，需要重视环境改变后沉积物中重金属的二次污染问题。

关键词: 沉积物, 重金属元素, 生态风险, 形态分析

Abstract:

The contents and the speciation distribution of heavy metals (As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Cd) in surface sediments of Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province were analyzed for the study. The assessment of ecological risk was conducted by using geo-accumulation index (I_geo), potential ecological risk index (I_R), sediment quality guidelines (SQC), mERM-Q values and speciation distribution method. The results show that most of the surface sediment samples were contaminated by As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb and Zn in different degrees, and Zn was the most pervasive one.The geo-accumulation index indicated that heavy metal contamination in the most of aquatic sediment ranged from slight to severe, 16 and 10 sampling sites respectively showed over light pollution of Zn and Cd.The potential ecological risks of the studied single heavy metal were presented in the following decreasing order:Cd > Hg > As > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. Cd is the main ecological risk element in the study area. The ecology risks was moderate in HN6 (I_R=263), HN11 (I_R=193) and HN20 (I_R=269) sampling sites according to the potential ecological risk index. The SQC displayed different levels of heavy metal contamination in sediments at different sampling sites and different effects on aquatic organisms. The mERM-Q value also indicated different degrees of ecology risks. Since in the study area Cr mainly exists in the non-transferable state, while the other heavy metals are mainly extractable, urgent attention is needed in order to avoid the secondary pollution of heavy metals when environment condition changes.

Key words: sediment, heavy metal, ecological risk, speciation distribution

中图分类号:

X824

康占军, 卢新哲, 林楠, 谷安庆. 浙江省海盐县河流水体表层沉积物重金属生态风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(12): 1096-1104.

KANG Zhan-jun, LU Xin-zhe, LIN Nan, GU An-qing. Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments in Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(12): 1096-1104.

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