新安江流域人类活动净氮输入的时空变化及其对生态补偿的响应

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0676

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人类活动净氮输入（NANI）是造成水体富营养化问题的重要原因之一。流域生态补偿通过改变流域地区居民的生产行为和生活行为降低人类活动导致的氮输入，解决水体富营养化的问题。以新安江流域（黄山市境内）为研究对象，以2008—2017年为研究时段，通过计算氮肥施用、大气氮沉降、作物氮固定和食品/饲料净输入量，评估生态补偿试点实施期间新安江流域NANI的时空变化，考察NANI对生态补偿的响应。研究发现，新安江流域NANI在流域生态补偿时期总体呈下降趋势。从黄山市范围来看，NANI先升后降，大幅度下降的时期在2012年后；氮肥施用是氮的主要输入来源，作物产品是最大的氮输出项；从各个县区来看，下降明显的区域有黄山市屯溪区、歙县，它们由净氮输入地区变为净氮输出地区的时间拐点分别是新安江生态补偿第二轮和第一轮试点时期。结论表明，生态补偿有效减少了新安江的氮素输入。

关键词: 人类活动净氮输入, 生态补偿, 氮污染, 新安江流域

Abstract: Net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) is one of the critical reasons for the eutrophication of water bodies. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) reduce NANI by changing the production and living behaviors of residents in the basin area to solve the problem of eutrophication of water bodies. The Xin'an River Basin was taken as an example to evaluate the temporal and spatial changes in NANI during the implementation of PES from 2008 to 2017 by calculating N fertilizer application, atmospheric N deposition, agricultural N fixation, and net N food and feed imports. The response of NANI to PES was then examined and it was found that, during the research period, NANI to the Xin'an River Basin showed an overall downward trend. From the perspective of Huangshan city, the value of NANI first rose and then fell, and a significant decline occurred after 2012, that is the period when PES began to be implemented in the Xin'an River Basin. The use of N fertilizer was the main input source of N, and the N content of crop products was the largest item of N output. NANI dropped in Tunxi District and Shexian County. The inflection points of the change occurred were the second stage of PES in Xin'an River and the first stage of PES in Xin'an River, respectively. It could be concluded that PES in the Xin'an River Basin has effectively reduced NANI.

Key words: NANI, payments for ecosystem services, nitrogen pollution, Xin'an River Basin

中图分类号:

X321
P95

王雨蓉, 曾庆敏, 陈利根, 龙开胜. 新安江流域人类活动净氮输入的时空变化及其对生态补偿的响应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 465-473.

WANG Yu-rong, ZENG Qing-min, CHEN Li-gen, LONG Kai-sheng. Spatio-Temporal Variation in Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input to the Xin'an River Basin and Its Responses to Payments for Ecosystem Services[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(4): 465-473.

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