硅钙镁肥和改性腐殖酸对土壤镉形态和小麦镉积累的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.1022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为寻求适合于微碱性土壤的Cd污染修复材料，利用硅钙镁肥和改性腐殖酸及两者复配对农田Cd污染土壤开展盆栽试验，采用二乙基三胺五乙酸（DTPA）提取法、Tessier法形态分级分析土壤Cd活性以及小麦植株各器官Cd含量，并利用扫描电子显微镜能谱（SEM-EDS）分析钝化材料表面微观形态和元素构成。结果表明，硅钙镁肥可以显著提高土壤pH值，改变Cd在土壤中的赋存形态，降低土壤DTPA提取态Cd含量。与对照相比，硅钙镁肥3%（质量分数w，下同）处理在拔节期和成熟期对小麦根部Cd含量降低幅度最大，分别降低73.95%和97.15%。硅钙镁肥1.2%处理对小麦籽粒Cd含量降低效果最大（86.44%）。在降低土壤DTPA提取态Cd含量和小麦籽粒Cd含量方面，改性腐殖酸效果均低于硅钙镁肥。与对照相比，改性腐殖酸1.2%和3%处理小麦籽粒Cd含量下降幅度为35.98%~38.01%。硅钙镁肥与改性腐殖酸复配处理小麦籽粒Cd含量下降幅度为81.77%。综合考虑，硅钙镁肥与改性腐殖酸复配效果最好，能有效钝化土壤中的Cd活性，并显著降低小麦籽粒Cd含量。

关键词: 硅钙镁肥, 改性腐殖酸, 小麦, 钝化, 镉

Abstract: In order to select cadmium pollution remediation materials suitable for slightly alkaline soil, two kinds of amendments including silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and modified humic acid and their complex combination were adopted to conduct pot experiments with farmland Cd contaminated soil. The deactivation efficiency was evaluated via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction method and Tessier analysis of soil Cd activity as well as determination of the content in various organs of wheat. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) was utilized to explore the surface microscopic morphology and elemental composition of the amendment. Results demonstrate that silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer could significantly increase soil pH value, change the chemical form of Cd in soil and reduce the content DTPA extraction Cd. Compared with the control, the Cd content in wheat root was decreased by 73.95% and 97.15% at jointing stage and mature stage, respectively, after the application of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer (3%); and the Cd content in wheat grains was decreased by 86.44% after the application of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer (1.2%). In terms of reducing Cd content in soil DTPA extracted form and Cd content in wheat grains, the effect of modified humic acid was lower than that of the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer. The contents of Cd in wheat treated with 1.2% and 3.0% modified humic acid were decreased by 35.98%-38.01% compared with the control. The content of Cd in wheat grains was decreased by 81.77% after the application of silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and modified humic acid. In conclusion, the combination of silica-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and modified humic acid has the best effect, which can effectively inactivate the activity of Cd in soil and significantly reduce the content of Cd in wheat grains.

Key words: silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, modified humic acid, wheat, amendment, cadmium

中图分类号:

杨金康, 朱利楠, 杨秋云, 张玉鹏, 化党领. 硅钙镁肥和改性腐殖酸对土壤镉形态和小麦镉积累的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(6): 808-816.

YANG Jin-kang, ZHU Li-nan, YANG Qiu-yun, ZHANG Yu-peng, HUA Dang-ling. Effects of Silicon-Calcium-Magnesium Fertilizer and Modified Humic Acid on Soil Cadmium Chemical Fractions and Accumulation in Wheat[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(6): 808-816.

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