不同秸秆材料与制备工艺下生物炭性质及对土壤重金属的钝化效应

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0992

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 86-95.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0992

不同秸秆材料与制备工艺下生物炭性质及对土壤重金属的钝化效应

占国艳^1,2, 陈振宁³, 童非¹, 沈华光³, 高岩¹, 刘丽珠¹, 张振华¹, 卢信¹

1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏南京 210014;
2. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095;
3. 江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局/江苏华东新能源勘探有限公司, 江苏南京 210007

收稿日期:2019-12-12 发布日期:2021-01-22
通讯作者: 张振华,E-mail:zhenhuaz70@hotmail.com;卢信,E-mail:lxdeng@126.com E-mail:zhenhuaz70@hotmail.com;lxdeng@126.com
作者简介:占国艳(1995-),男,江西九江人,硕士,主要从事土壤改良与修复研究。E-mail:zhanguoyan6@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0800306-5）；国家自然科学基金（41807140）

Effects of Different Biomass and Pyrolysis Technique on Biochar Characterization and Immobilization of Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soil

ZHAN Guo-yan^1,2, CHEN Zhen-ning³, TONG Fei¹, SHEN Hua-guang³, GAO Yan¹, LIU Li-zhu¹, ZHANG Zhen-hua¹, LU Xin¹

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;
2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
3. Jiangsu Bureau of East China Nonferrous Metals Geological Exploration/Jiangsu East China New Energy Exploration Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210007, China

Received:2019-12-12 Published:2021-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以芦苇、玉米秸秆为原材料，采用正交实验设计方法制备不同处理生物炭，并将其应用到重金属污染土壤修复中，以寻求最佳的生物炭制备工艺并探讨其对土壤中Cd和Pb的钝化效果。结果表明，对生物炭制备影响最大的因素是炭化温度，温度升高会使炭产率下降，pH和灰分含量增加，比表面积在一定范围内也会大幅增加；其他因素如原料含水率、升温速率和炭化时间对生物炭制备的影响均低于炭化温度；所制备的芦苇秸秆生物炭（LWC）和玉米秸秆生物炭（YMC）产率相近，YMC的pH和灰分含量高于LWC，而LWC比表面积高于YMC。综合考虑因素最佳水平并兼顾效率，得出LWC和YMC最适宜制备条件均为含水率25%，升温速率20 ℃·min^-1，炭化温度600 ℃，炭化时间0.5 h。与对照相比，添加LWC和YMC的土壤pH值均有所升高；随着培养时间延长，生物炭对土壤中Cd和Pb的钝化效率也逐渐提高，35 d时有效态Cd和Pb含量最高降低51.7%和44.9%，并且LWC的效果好于YMC。研究结果可为工程化制备生物炭提供一定的技术参考，并且为重金属污染土壤修复提供理论依据。

关键词: 秸秆, 生物炭, 正交优化, 钝化, 重金属

Abstract: Using reed and corn straw as raw materials, different biochars were prepared by orthogonal experimental design and applied to the remediation of Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils to find out the best preparation technique of biochar. The results show that carbonization temperature was the most important factor for the preparation of biochar. The yield of biochar decreased with the increase of temperature, while the pH and ash content of biochar increased. The specific surface area of biochar increased as temperature rising in a certain range. Other factors such as the moisture content, heating rate, and carbonization time of raw materials had less effect on the preparation of biochar compared with carbonization temperature. The yield of reed straw biochar (LWC) and corn straw biochar (YMC) was similar, the pH value and ash content of YMC was higher than that of LWC, and the specific surface area of LWC was higher than that of YMC. Considering the optimum level of factors and efficiency, the optimum pyrolysis condition for the preparation of LWC and YMC was found to be the same with moisture content of 25%, heating rate of 20℃·min^-1, carbonization temperature of 600℃, and carbonization time of 0.5 h. Compared with the control, the application of LWC and YMC increased the soil pH. Additionally, the immobilization efficiency of Cd and Pb increased with the incubation time. At 35 days, the contents of available Cd and Pb in soils maximally decreased by 51.7% and 44.9% with the addition of biochar. The inactivating effect of LWC to Cd and Pb in soils is better than that of YMC. The present research provides a technical support for the engineering preparation of biochar and a theoretical basis for the remediation of heavy metals in soils.

Key words: straw, biochar, orthogonal optimization, immobilization, heavy metal

中图分类号:

占国艳, 陈振宁, 童非, 沈华光, 高岩, 刘丽珠, 张振华, 卢信. 不同秸秆材料与制备工艺下生物炭性质及对土壤重金属的钝化效应[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 86-95.

ZHAN Guo-yan, CHEN Zhen-ning, TONG Fei, SHEN Hua-guang, GAO Yan, LIU Li-zhu, ZHANG Zhen-hua, LU Xin. Effects of Different Biomass and Pyrolysis Technique on Biochar Characterization and Immobilization of Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 86-95.

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不同秸秆材料与制备工艺下生物炭性质及对土壤重金属的钝化效应

Effects of Different Biomass and Pyrolysis Technique on Biochar Characterization and Immobilization of Heavy Metal in Contaminated Soil

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