安徽沱湖表层沉积物营养盐及重金属分布特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0110

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了加深对淮河流域过水性湖泊沉积物特征的了解,于2018年8月对沱湖表层沉积物进行调查,测定了营养盐(总氮、总磷)、有机质和4种重金属(镉、铜、铅、铬)的含量,并使用沉积物质量评价标准、有机指数评价法、潜在生态风险指数法对营养盐和重金属污染进行了生态风险评价。结果表明:(1)总氮、总磷、有机质的平均含量分别为(2 535.00±987.97)、(672.99±159.09)和(47.90±19.89)g·kg^-1。(2)总氮和有机质含量的高值区出现在湖泊开阔区和黑鱼沟入湖湖湾,总磷含量的最高值出现在湖泊北部上游过水通道(T2)。(3)镉、铜、铅、铬的平均含量分别为(0.95±0.26)、(25.16±4.00)、(23.03±5.60)和(86.65±17.76) mg·kg^-1。(4)4种重金属元素含量的最高值均出现在黑鱼沟入湖湖湾,低值区则出现在沱河、唐河入湖口和湖泊北部上游过水通道(T2)。(5)表层沉积物受到一定程度的有机污染,且以有机氮污染为主,污染较严重的区域分布在湖泊开阔区和黑鱼沟入湖湖湾。(6)表层沉积物重金属污染具有强生态风险,以镉污染最为严重,污染较严重的区域主要分布于马拉沟入湖湖湾和黑鱼沟入湖湖湾。与国内其他湖泊相比,沱湖沉积物营养盐、镉、铬含量处于较高水平,而铜、铅含量处于中等水平,应继续控制外源性污染物质输入,并进一步削减内源污染负荷。

关键词: 沱湖, 表层沉积物, 营养盐, 重金属, 生态风险评价

Abstract: In order to strengthen the understanding of the lake sediment characteristics in Huaihe River basin, the surface sediments of Tuohu Lake were investigated and the contents of nutrients (TN, TP), OM, and four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr) were tested in August 2018. The ecological risk of nutrient and heavy metal pollution were assessed by sediment quality assessment guide, organic index assessment and potential ecological risk assessment. The results show that: (1) The average contents of TN, TP and OM are (2 535.00±987.97) mg·kg^-1, (672.99±159.09) mg·kg^-1 and (47.90±19.89) g·kg^-1, respectively. (2) The high values of TN and OM appear in the open area of the lake and the drinking water source, while the highest values of TP appear in the upstream passage of the northern part of the lake (T2). (3) The average contents of Cd, Cu, Pb and Cr were (0.95±0.26) mg·kg^-1, (25.16±4.00) mg·kg^-1, (23.03±5.60) mg·kg^-1 and (86.65±17.76) mg·kg^-1, respectively. (4) The highest values of the four heavy metals appeared in the drinking water source area, while the low values appeared in the estuaries of Tuohe River and Tanghe River and the upstream passage in the north of the lake (T2). (5) The surface sediments are polluted by organic pollutants to a certain extent, with organic nitrogen pollution as the main part. The most seriously polluted areas were distributed in the open area of the lake and drinking water source area. (6) The heavy metal pollution in surface sediments has a strong ecological risk, and Cd pollution is the most serious. The serious pollution areas were mainly distributed in the estuary of Malagou and the drinking water source area. Compared with other lakes in China, the contents of nutrients, Cd and Cr in the sediments of Tuohu Lake are at a higher level, while the contents of Cu and Pb are at a moderate level. It is necessary to continue controlling the input of exogenous pollutants and further reduce the internal pollution load.

Key words: Tuohu Lake, surface sediments, nutrients, heavy metal, ecological risk assessment

中图分类号:

X524

管蓓, 晁建颖, 吴超, 吴晓东, 林晓雯, 李建. 安徽沱湖表层沉积物营养盐及重金属分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(12): 1576-1585.

GUAN Bei, CHAO Jian-ying, WU Chao, WU Xiao-dong, LIN Xiao-wen, LI Jian. Distribution Characteristics of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Tuohu Lake, Anhui, China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(12): 1576-1585.

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