微生物和化学添加剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程活性氮气体的减排研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0700

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1010-1018.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0700

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微生物和化学添加剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程活性氮气体的减排研究

顾沈怡¹, 戴海洋¹, 郭凡婧¹, 申卫收¹, 林先贵²

1. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院/江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 江苏南京 210008

收稿日期:2021-11-14 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-23
通讯作者: 申卫收,E-mail:wsshen@nuist.edu.cn E-mail:wsshen@nuist.edu.cn
作者简介:顾沈怡(1998-),女,江苏苏州人,主要从事畜禽粪便堆肥保氮以及活性氮气体的减排研究。E-mail:2691259196@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41771291)

Study on Reduction of Reactive Gaseous Nitrogen of Compost Product by Microorganism and Chemical Additive in Composting Process of Livestock and Poultry Manure

GU Shen-yi¹, DAI Hai-yang¹, GUO Fan-jing¹, SHEN Wei-shou¹, LIN Xian-gui²

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control in Jiangsu Province/Jiangsu Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil & Sustainable Agriculture/The Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2021-11-14 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆肥是将畜禽粪污进行资源化的有效手段之一,但是氮素的流失会造成堆肥产品质量的降低,排放的氨气(NH₃)和氧化亚氮(N₂O)会加剧空气污染和温室效应。为了减少堆肥过程中活性氮气体的排放、提高堆肥产物的氮素含量,选用猪粪和鸡粪作为原料进行室内模拟堆肥,设置接种微生物、加入化学添加剂或两者联用的试验处理。结果表明,加入化学添加剂的处理以及微生物和化学添加剂联用的处理能够显著减排活性氮气体,实现高效保氮的目的。在猪粪堆肥过程中,相对于未接种、未加入化学添加剂的对照,加入化学添加剂的处理、Bacillus sp.H3-1和化学添加剂联用的处理以及B. sp.H5-9和化学添加剂联用的处理NH₃减排11%~21%,N₂O减排4%~6%,堆肥产物中NH₄⁺-N含量增加6.7~7.7倍。在鸡粪堆肥过程中,相对于未接种、未加入化学添加剂的对照,加入化学添加剂的处理、B.sp.H1-10和化学添加剂联用的处理N₂O减排25%~26%,堆肥产物的NH₄⁺-N含量增加3.3~3.9倍。因此,加入化学添加剂以及微生物和化学添加剂联用可协同减排NH₃和N₂O,实现堆肥产物保氮,该研究可为畜禽粪便绿色高效资源化和农业碳中和提供重要依据。

关键词: 堆肥, 活性氮气体, 化学添加剂, 微生物菌剂, 协同减排

Abstract: Composting is one of the effective means to recycle livestock and poultry waste, but the loss of nitrogen during the process leads to a decrease in composting product quality. Moreover, ammonia (NH₃) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions will aggravate air pollution and the greenhouse effect. To reduce the emission of reactive gaseous nitrogen during composting and improve the nitrogen content of composting products, pig manure and chicken manure were selected as raw materials for indoor simulated composting. The experimental treatments included inoculation with Bacillus strains, amendment with chemical additives, and combining Bacillus strains with chemical additives. The results show that the treatment with chemical additives only or a combination of Bacillusstrain with chemical additives significantly decreased the emission of reactive gaseous nitrogen and maintained nitrogen in composting product compared with dual non-inoculated and non-amended control. In the process of pig manure composting, the NH₃ emission was decreased by 11% to 21% in treatment with chemical additives only, or dual treatment with Bacillus sp. H3-1 and chemical additives, and dual treatment of B. sp. H5-9 with chemical additives in comparison with the control. It was also observed that N₂O emission decreased by 4%-6% in these treatments compared with the control. The content of NH₄⁺-N in composting products increased by 6.7-7.7 times compared to the control. In the composting process of chicken manure, the N₂O emission was decreased by 25%-26% in the treatment with chemical additives only or dual treatment with B. sp. H1-10 and chemical additives compared with dual non-inoculated and non-amended control. The NH₄⁺-N content of composting products increased by magnitude of 3.3-3.9. Therefore, the amendment with chemical additives only or a combination of Bacillus strain with chemical additives could reduce NH₃ and N₂O emissions and maintain the nitrogen in composting products simultaneously. This study adds valuable information and provides a fundamental scientific knowledge towards the green and efficient resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure and help in achieving agricultural carbon neutrality.

Key words: compost, reactive nitrogen gas, chemical additive, microbial agent, collaborative reduction

中图分类号:

X511
X713

顾沈怡, 戴海洋, 郭凡婧, 申卫收, 林先贵. 微生物和化学添加剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程活性氮气体的减排研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(8): 1010-1018.

GU Shen-yi, DAI Hai-yang, GUO Fan-jing, SHEN Wei-shou, LIN Xian-gui. Study on Reduction of Reactive Gaseous Nitrogen of Compost Product by Microorganism and Chemical Additive in Composting Process of Livestock and Poultry Manure[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(8): 1010-1018.

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微生物和化学添加剂对畜禽粪便堆肥过程活性氮气体的减排研究

Study on Reduction of Reactive Gaseous Nitrogen of Compost Product by Microorganism and Chemical Additive in Composting Process of Livestock and Poultry Manure

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