动物粪便堆肥厂不同工作区空气中细菌和条件致病菌污染特征研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0693

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动物粪便堆肥厂逸散的空气中富含多种细菌，不同工作区域逸散的微生物种类和丰度存在一定差异。针对以上问题，对动物粪便堆肥厂堆肥区、包装区和办公区的空气样本进行采集，对比分析以上3个区域空气中的细菌生物多样性和群落结构，以及不同区域人类条件致病菌的相对丰度差异。结果表明，堆肥区、包装区和办公区的空气中优势细菌门分布规律整体相似，但具体优势菌门的相对丰度存在区域差异。前3个优势门均为厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门，共有优势菌属为不动杆菌属和棒状杆菌属。办公区空气细菌丰富度和细菌多样性最高。3个区域空气中细菌群落存在显著差异，堆肥区与包装区细菌菌门群落结构更为相似。办公区空气中特有菌属和菌门比例均为最高。3个区共有微生物分析结果显示，在堆肥区共有菌门和菌属所占的比例均为最高，分别为85.19%和85.14%。不同区域空气中条件致病菌群落结构差异并不显著，不动杆菌属相对丰度最高。在堆肥区和包装区空气中分别检测到了2种人类条件致病菌相对丰度与办公区呈显著正相关，而堆肥区和包装区空气中没有检测到相对丰度与办公区呈显著相关的人类条件致病菌。该研究结果可为堆肥厂不同区域空气的健康风险评估提供基础数据。

关键词: 堆肥厂, 空气细菌, 条件致病菌, 细菌多样性, 群落结构

Abstract: The air emitted from animal manure composting plants is usually rich in many kinds of bacteria which can include human pathogenic bacteria, and can significantly influence the types and abundance of bacteria that are present in different areas of the composting plant usually not assumed to be affected. In this study, air samples from the composting area, packaging area and office area of an animal manure composting plant were collected. Bacterial diversity and community structure in the air samples from the above three areas were compared, and the regional differences in the relative abundance of human pathogenic bacteria were also analyzed. The results show that the distribution of dominant bacteria in the air of composting area, packing area and office area were almost similar to each other, but there were regional differences in the relative abundance of certain dominant bacteria. Generally, the first three dominant bacterial phylum were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genera were Acinetobacter and Corynebacterium. Both the highest richness and diversity of airborne bacteria were detected in office area. There were significant differences in the airborne bacterial community in the three regions, and the bacterial community structure in the composting area was more similar to that in the packaging area. The bacterial communities in the air of the three regions were significantly different, and the bacterial phyla communities in the composting area and the packaging area were more similar. The proportion of endemic bacterial genera and phylum in the air of office area was the highest. The results of microbiological analysis show that the proportion of common bacterial phyla and genera in the composting area was the highest, to be 85.19% and 85.14%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the structure of human pathogenic bacteria in the air of different regions, and the relative abundance of Acinetobacter was the highest. The relative abundance of two types of human opportunistic pathogens in the air from office area was significantly positively correlated with the same genus in the composting area and the packing area, while there was no significant correlation between the relative abundance of human opportunistic pathogens in the air of the composting area and the packing area. The results of this study can provide basic data for air health risk assessment in different areas of animal manure composting plants.

Key words: composting plant, air bacteria, human pathogenic bacteria, bacterial diversity, community structure

中图分类号:

X592

杨梓晔, 张卓毅, 孙兴滨, 高敏, 王旭明. 动物粪便堆肥厂不同工作区空气中细菌和条件致病菌污染特征研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 526-533.

YANG Zi-ye, ZHANG Zhuo-yi, SUN Xing-bin, GAO Min, WANG Xu-ming. Characteristics of Airborne Bacteria and Human Pathogenic Bacteria in Different Working Areas of Animal Manure Composting Plant[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(4): 526-533.

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