典型喀斯特地区生境质量的时空分异与模拟研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0786

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对典型喀斯特地区开展生境质量评价是了解区域资源利用现状、实施国土空间生态修复的重要手段。以生态脆弱区石林县为例,基于2000-2020年土地覆被数据,借助土地利用模拟(PLUS)模型及InVEST生境质量模型,揭示云南2000-2030年石林县的景观分布格局及其变化影响下生境质量的演变特征,评估研究区2030年在多情景下的生境质量。结果表明:(1)2000-2020年,石林县的土地利用类型以耕地、林地、草地为主,其中人造地表持续扩张,耕地面积不断下降;(2)2000、2010、2020年石林县的平均生境质量分别为0.472、0.475、0.460,总体上呈下降趋势,其中较差等级生境约占研究区面积50％,良好等级和优等级生境面积不足25％,差等级生境面积有所增长;(3)2030年石林县生态保护情景下的生境退化度明显低于其他2种情景,其中圭山镇的生境质量最高,鹿阜街道最低。石林县当前面临经济发展与生态保护的双重矛盾,景观格局、生境质量的空间分布与人类活动密切相关,潜在石漠化分布区的风险可能因不合理的人类活动而加剧,未来应根据研究区的环境特征合理开展城镇规划、防范潜在风险区的生境恶化;基于生态保护情景下石林县的国土资源配置较优,生境质量变化较为稳定,更符合石林县未来的发展路径。

关键词: 喀斯特, 生态脆弱区, 生境质量, 多情景模拟, 石林县

Abstract: Habitat quality assessment in typical karst areas is an important means to understand the status of regional resource utilization and implement territorial ecological restoration. Taking Shilin County, an ecologically fragile area, as an example, based on the land cover data from 2000 to 2020, with the help of Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model and InVEST habitat quality model, the landscape distribution pattern of Shilin County, Yunnan Province from 2000 to 2030 and its impact on changes were revealed. Assessing the quality of the ecological environment in the study area in 2030 under multiple scenarios, the results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the land use types in Shilin County were mainly cultivated land, forest land and grassland, among which the artificial surface continued to expand and the cultivated land area continued to decline; (2) In 2000, 2010 and 2020, the average habitat quality in Shilin County was 0.472, 0.475 and 0.460, respectively. The area of poor grade habitat accounted for about 50% of the study area, and the area of good grade and excellent grade habitat was less than 25%. The area of poor grade habitat increased; (3) The habitat degradation degree under the ecological protection scenario of Shilin County in 2030 is significantly lower than that of the other two scenarios, among which Guishan Town has the highest habitat quality and Lufu Street the lowest. Shilin County is currently facing the dual contradiction between economic development and ecological protection. The spatial distribution of landscape pattern and habitat quality is closely related to human activities. The risk of potential rocky desertification distribution areas may be aggravated by unreasonable human activities. In the future, urban planning should be carried out reasonably according to the environmental characteristics of the study area to prevent habitat deterioration in potential risk areas. Based on the ecological protection scenario, Shilin County has better allocation of land resources and stable changes in habitat quality, which is more in line with the future development path of Shilin County.

Key words: karst, ecologically fragile area, habitat quality, multi-scenario simulation, Shilin County

陈艳, 吴睿, 马月伟, 冯小鹤, 潘健峰, 陈玉美. 典型喀斯特地区生境质量的时空分异与模拟研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(12): 1593-1603.

CHEN Yan, WU Rui, MA Yue-wei, FENG Xiao-he, PAN Jian-feng, CHEN Yu-mei. Spatial and Temporal Differentiation and Simulation of Habitat Quality in Typical Karst Areas[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(12): 1593-1603.

参考文献

[1] 刘春芳,王川.基于土地利用变化的黄土丘陵区生境质量时空演变特征:以榆中县为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(20):7300-7311.[LIU Chun-fang,WANG Chuan.Spatio-Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Habitat Quality in the Loess Hilly Region Based on Land Use Change:A Case Study in Yuzhong County[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(20):7300-7311.]
[2] 智烈慧,李心,马田田,等.辽河三角洲土地利用变化轨迹、驱动过程及生态系统服务时空演变[J].环境科学学报,2022,42(1):141-150.[ZHI Lie-hui,LI Xin,MA Tian-tian,et al.The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Land Use Trajectories,Drivers and the Ecosystem Services in Liao River Delta in the Past Four Decades[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2022,42(1):141-150.]
[3] YANG J X,GONG J,TANG W W,et al.Patch-Based Cellular Automata Model of Urban Growth Simulation:Integrating Feedback between Quantitative Composition and Spatial Configuration[J].Computers,Environment and Urban Systems,2020,79:101402.
[4] 李双成,吴绍洪,戴尔阜.生态系统响应气候变化脆弱性的人工神经网络模型评价[J].生态学报,2005,25(3):621-626.[LI Shuang-cheng,WU Shao-hong,DAI Er-fu.Assessing the Fragility of Ecosystem Using Artificial Neural Network Model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(3):621-626.]
[5] 罗传秀,潘安定,千怀遂.气候变化下的新疆生态环境脆弱性评价[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(1):38-43.[LUO Chuan-xiu,PAN An-ding,QIAN Huai-sui.The Assessment of Ecosystem Vulnerability to Climate Change of Xinjiang[J].Arid Environmental Monitoring,2006,20(1):38-43.]
[6] VALERO E,ÁLVAREZ X,PICOS J.An Assessment of River Habitat Quality as an Indicator of Conservation Status.a Case Study in the Northwest of Spain[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,57:131-138.
[7] 欧阳志云,刘建国,张和民.卧龙大熊猫生境的群落结构研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(3):458-462.[OUYANG Zhi-yun,LIU Jian-guo,ZHANG He-min.Community Structure Analysis of Giant Panda Habitat in Wolong[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(3):458-462.]
[8] YOHANNES H,SOROMESSA T,ARGAW M,et al.Spatio-Temporal Changes in Habitat Quality and Linkage with Landscape Characteristics in the Beressa Watershed,Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopian Highlands[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2021,281:111885.
[9] 高周冰,王晓瑞,隋雪艳,等.基于FLUS和InVEST模型的南京市生境质量多情景预测[J].农业资源与环境学报,2022,39(5):1001-1013.[GAO Zhou-bing,WANG Xiao-rui,SUI Xue-yan,et al.Multi-Scenario Prediction of Habitat Quality in Nanjing Based on FLUS and InVEST Models[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2022,39(5):1001-1013.]
[10] 刘方田,许尔琪.基于土地利用的新疆兵团与非兵团生境质量时空演变的对比[J].应用生态学报,2020,31(7):2341-2351.[LIU Fang-tian,XU Er-qi.Comparison of Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality between Xinjiang Corps and Non-Corps Region Based on Land Use[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2020,31(7):2341-2351.]
[11] HU Y G,XU E K,DONG N L,et al.Driving Mechanism of Habitat Quality at Different Grid-Scales in a Metropolitan City[J].Forests,2022,13(2):248.
[12] DAI Y C.Identifying the Ecological Security Patterns of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2022,29(30):45837-45847.
[13] 夏盈,张莹莹,厉恩华,等.江汉平原四湖流域生境质量时空演化及预测[J].长江流域资源与环境,2022(7):1616-1626.[XIA Ying,ZHANG Ying-ying,LI En-hua,et al.Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Prediction of Habitat Quality in Four Lakes Basin of Jianghan Plain[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2022(7):1616-1626.]
[14] 冷疏影,刘燕华.中国脆弱生态区可持续发展指标体系框架设计[J].中国人口·资源与环境,1999,9(2):40-45.[LENG Shu-ying,LIU Yan-hua.A Conceptual Framework of Sustainable Developmental Indicators of Fragile Environment of China[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,1999,9(2):40-45.]
[15] 彭建,蔡运龙,何钢,等.喀斯特生态脆弱区猫跳河流域土地利用/覆被变化研究[J].山地学报,2007,25(5):566-576.[PENG Jian,CAI Yun-long,HE Gang,et al.Land Use/Cover Change in Ecologically Fragile Kast Areas:A Case Study in Maotiaohe River Basin,Guizhou China[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(5):566-576.]
[16] 陈俊松,赵磊磊,朱仕荣,等.云南石林县石漠化综合治理分区及治理方向[J].亚热带水土保持,2018,30(1):20-22,28.[CHEN Jun-song,ZHAO Lei-lei,ZHU Shi-rong,et al.Zoning and Management Orientation for the Comprehensive Management of Rocky Desertification in Shilin County of Yunnan Province[J].Subtropical Soil and Water Conservation,2018,30(1):20-22,28.]
[17] 吴健生,易腾云,王晗.2000-2030年深港景观格局演变时空分异与趋势对比分析[J].生态学报,2021,41(22):8718-8731.[WU Jian-sheng,YI Teng-yun,WANG Han.Comparative Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variation and Trend of Landscape Pattern Evolution between Shenzhen and Hong Kong from 2000 to 2030[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021,41(22):8718-8731.]
[18] 林泽北,王志杰,颜伟,等.基于InVEST模型的贵阳市主要交通干线景观带生境质量特征分析[J].贵州林业科技,2020,48(2):27-35.[LIN Ze-bei,WANG Zhi-jie,YAN Wei,et al.Analysis of theHabitat Quality Characteristics of the Landscape Belt of the Main Traffic Arteries in Guiyang City Based on InVEST Model[J].Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology,2020,48(2):27-35.]
[19] 梁晓瑶,袁丽华,宁立新,等.基于InVEST模型的黑龙江省生境质量空间格局及其影响因素[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,56(6):864-872.[LIANG Xiao-yao,YUAN Li-hua,NING Li-xin,et al.Spatial Pattern of Habitat Quality and Driving Factors in Heilongjiang Province[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science),2020,56(6):864-872.]
[20] 高庆彦,潘玉君,刘化.基于InVEST模型的大理州生境质量时空演化研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2021,37(3):402-408.[GAO Qing-yan,PAN Yu-jun,LIU Hua.Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Based on the InVEST Model[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2021,37(3):402-408.]
[21] 黄贤峰,杨永菊,武艺,等.1990-2017年喀斯特自然保护区土地利用变化对生境质量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2018,38(6):345-351.[HUANG Xian-feng,YANG Yong-ju,WU Yi,et al.Land Use Change and Its Impact on Habitat Quality in Karst Nature Reserve from 1990 to 2017[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,38(6):345-351.]
[22] 廖珍梅,王烜.基于InVEST模型的滇池流域生境质量评估[J].三峡生态环境监测,2022(2):42-52.[LIAO Zhen-mei,WANG Xuan.Habitat Quality Assessment Based on InVEST Model in Dianchi Basin[J].Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges,2022(2):42-52.]
[23] LI C,WU Y M,GAO B P,et al.Multi-Scenario Simulation of Ecosystem Service Value for Optimization of Land Use in the Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2021,132:108328
[24] 罗芳,潘安,陈忠升,等.四川省宜宾市1980-2018年耕地时空格局变化及其驱动因素[J].水土保持通报,2021,41(6):336-344.[LUO Fang,PAN An,CHEN Zhong-sheng,et al.Spatiotemporal Pattern Change of Cultivated Land and Its Driving Forces in Yibin City,Sichuan Province during 1980-2018[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,41(6):336-344.]
[25] 喇蕗梦,勾蒙蒙,李乐,等.三峡库区生态系统服务权衡时空动态与情景模拟:以秭归县为例[J].生态与农村环境学报,2021,37(11):1368-1377.[LA Lu-meng,GOU Meng-meng,LI Le,et al.Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Scenarios Analysis on Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Service in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:A Case Study of Zigui County[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2021,37(11):1368-1377.]
[26] 欧阳晓,贺清云,朱翔.多情景下模拟城市群土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响:以长株潭城市群为例[J].经济地理,2020,40(1):93-102.[OUYANG Xiao,HE Qing-yun,ZHU Xiang.Simulation of Impacts of Urban Agglomeration Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Value under Multi-Scenarios:Case Study in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration[J].Economic Geography,2020,40(1):93-102.]
[27] 王保盛,廖江福,祝薇,等.基于历史情景的FLUS模型邻域权重设置:以闽三角城市群2030年土地利用模拟为例[J].生态学报,2019,39(12):4284-4298.[WANG Bao-sheng,LIAO Jiang-fu,ZHU Wei,et al.The Weight of Neighborhood Setting of the FLUS Model Based on a Historical Scenario:A Case Study of Land Use Simulation of Urban Agglomeration of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian in 2030[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(12):4284-4298.]
[28] 李琛,高彬嫔,吴映梅,等.基于PLUS模型的山区城镇景观生态风险动态模拟[J].浙江农林大学学报,2022,39(1):84-94.[LI Chen,GAO Bin-pin,WU Ying-mei,et al.Dynamic Simulation of Landscape Ecological Risk in Mountain Towns Based on PLUS Model[J].Journal of Zhejiang A ＆ F University,2022,39(1):84-94.]
[29] 王寅杰,刘殿锋,刘耀林.顾及耕地占补平衡的多情景土地利用变化模拟[J/OL].[2022-05-12].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1676.TN.20211112.1744.002.html.[WANG Yin-jie,LIU Dian-feng,LIU Yao-lin.Multi Scenario Land Use Change Simulation Considering the Balance of Cultivated Land Occupation and Compensation[J/OL].[2022-05-12].Journal of Wuhan University (Information Science Edition).http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1676.TN.20211112.1744.002.html.]
[30] 何永彬,王筱春.生态型旅游资源开发的环境影响评价研究:以石林为例[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,26(6):52-57,66.[HE Yong-bin,WANG Xiao-chun.The Resrarch on the Assessment's Index System of Environment Effect Erected by the Exploitation of Ecological Tourism Resources:The Case of Shilin[J].Journal of Yunnan Normal University (Natural Sciences Edition),2006,26(6):52-57,66.]
[31] 杨国婷,张红,李静,等.基于RFFLUS-InVEST-Geodetector耦合模型的平朔矿区生境质量时空演变及其影响因素[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2021,49(6):106-115.[YANG Guo-ting,ZHANG Hong,LI Jing,et al.Spatial-Temporal Evolution and Its Influencing Factors of Habitat Quality in Pingshuo Mining Area Based on RFFLUS-InVEST-Geodetector Coupling Model[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2021,49(6):106-115.]
[32] 宋永永,马蓓蓓,李武斌,等.黄土高原县域城镇化的地域分异与动因机制[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(4):9-21.[SONG Yong-yong,MA Bei-bei,LI Wu-bin,et al.Regional Differentiation and Driving Mechanism of the County Urbanization in the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2019,47(4):9-21.]
[33] CHULUUN T,OJIMA D.Land Use Change and Carbon Cycle in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands of East and Central Asia[J].Science in China (Series C:Life Sciences),2002,45(S1):48-54,146.
[34] 王云琦,齐实,孙阁,等.气候与土地利用变化对流域水资源的影响:以美国北卡罗莱纳州Trent流域为例[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):51-58.[WANG Yun-qi,QI Shi,SUN Ge,et al.Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Water Resources in a Watershed:A Case Study on the Trent River Basin in North Carolina,USA[J].Advances in Water Science,2011,22(1):51-58.]
[35] 葛茹香,马超.干旱高原湖泊湿地土地利用变化与驱动因素分析:以泊江海子湿地闭流区为例[J].水土保持研究,2022,29(1):376-385.[GE Ru-xiang,MA Chao.Analysis on Land Use Change and Driving Factors of Lake Wetland in Arid Plateau:A Case Study on the Inflow Area of Bojianghaizi Wetland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(1):376-385.]
[36] 段锦,李玉辉.云南石林世界遗产地生态资产评估与补偿研究[J].资源科学,2010,32(4):752-760.[DUAN Jin,LI Yu-hui.An Assessment of Ecological Capital and Compensation for Yunnan Shilin World Heritage Site[J].Resources Science,2010,32(4):752-760.]
[37] 王丹,丁文荣.基于RS和GIS的云南石林县石漠化时空变化特征分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2021,41(2):354-361.[WANG Dan,DING Wen-rong.Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Rocky Desertification Based on RS and GIS in Shilin County,Yunnan[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2021,41(2):354-361.]
[38] 叶鑫,顾羊羊,张琨,等.西南喀斯特地区石漠化治理现状分析与对策研究:以贵州省黔西南州为例[J].环境保护,2020,48(22):30-34.[YE Xin,GU Yang-yang,ZHANG Kun,et al.Current Situation Analysis and Countermeasures of Rocky Desertification Control in Southwest Karst Region:A Case Study of Qianxinan Prefecture in Guizhou Province[J].Environmental Protection,2020,48(22):30-34.]
[39] ZHANG M Y,WANG K L,LIU H Y,et al.Effect of Ecological Engineering Projects on Ecosystem Services in a Karst Region:A Case Study of Northwest Guangxi,China[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,183:831-842.