2000-2015年黔西南州植被覆盖时空变化及影响因素分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0806

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究喀斯特石漠化区植被覆盖时空变化特征对区域生态保护与修复具有重要意义。以贵州省黔西南州为例，基于MOD13Q1影像数据，采用像元二分法模型计算植被覆盖度，辅以趋势分析、Hurst指数、残差分析等方法，分析2000-2015年黔西南州植被覆盖时空变化特征及未来变化趋势，以及气候变化和人类活动对植被覆盖变化影响。结果表明：（1）2000-2015年黔西南州植被覆盖呈现增长趋势，空间分布呈东南部高、北部低特征，非喀斯特区植被覆盖增长率高于喀斯特区。（2）全州植被覆盖整体呈改善趋势，改善区域面积占比为40.38%，主要分布在贞丰县东部、望谟县西部及普安县中南部，非喀斯特区植被改善区域面积占比（41.53%）高于喀斯特区（39.37%）。退化区域主要分布在市县建成区周边，基本不变区广泛分布。（3）全州植被覆盖未来持续改善区域面积占比（13.30%）高于未来持续退化区域（9.77%），变化趋势不确定区域面积占比为68.02%，需加强变化趋势不确定区域及未来植被退化区域生态环境治理，提高植被覆盖。（4）全州气温对植被覆盖影响强于降水，退耕还林还草工程的实施和城镇开发强度的增加是导致黔西南州植被覆盖变化的主要人为因素。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 时空特征, 气候变化, 人类活动, 喀斯特区

Abstract: It is essential to appraise the spatio-temporal variations of vegetation coverage in Karst rocky desertification areas for ecological protection and restoration. Taking Qianxi'nan Prefecture in Guizhou Province as an example, based on MOD13Q1 image data, the fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) was calculated by using pixel dichotomy method. With the trend analysis, Hurst index, residual analysis and hotspot analysis, the spatial-temporal variations and future trend of FVC in Qianxi'nan Prefecture from 2000 to 2015, as well as the impacts of climate change and human activities on FVC were analyzed. The results show that:(1) The FVC of Qianxi'nan Prefecture was increasing from 2000 to 2015, which was higher in the southeast and lower in the north. The growth rate of FVC in non-Karst areas was higher than that in Karst areas. (2) The FVC of Qianxi'nan Prefecture was improving. The improvement area accounted for 40.38%, mainly distributed in the eastern part of Zhenfeng County, the western part of Wangmo County and the south-central part of Pu'an County. The proportion of vegetation improvement area in non-Karst area (41.53%) was greater than that in Karst area (39.37%). The degradation areas were mainly distributed in the built-up areas of cities, counties and their surrounding areas, and the basically unchanged areas are widely distributed. (3) The predicted area of future continuous improvement (13.30%) was greater than that of future continuous degradation (9.77%), and the uncertain future change area accounted for 68.02%. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen ecological management and restoration in uncertain change area and vegetation degradation area. (4) Among temperature and precipitation factors, the former played a substantial role in Qianxi'nan Prefecture. The Grain for Green Project and the urban development intensity are the main human factors leading to variations of FVC in Qianxi'nan Prefecture.

Key words: fractional vegetation coverage, spatio-temporal variation, climate change, human activity, Karst area

中图分类号:

Q948

顾羊羊, 邹长新, 乔旭宁, 黄贤峰, 叶鑫, 徐梦佳, 杨忠庆, 杜世鹏. 2000-2015年黔西南州植被覆盖时空变化及影响因素分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(11): 1413-1422.

GU Yang-yang, ZOU Chang-xin, QIAO Xu-ning, HUANG Xian-feng, YE Xin, XU Mengjia, YANG Zhong-qing, DU Shi-peng. Spatio-temporal Variations of Fractional Vegetation Coverage and Influencing Factors in Qianxi'nan Prefecture from 2000 to 2015[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(11): 1413-1422.

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