河北沽源夏季鸟类群落多样性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1062

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为查明坝上高原沽源地区夏季鸟类群落现状，于2016-2019年每年的6月和7月，采用样线和样点法，对河北沽源夏季鸟类进行调查。结果表明:共记录鸟类15目40科138种，鸟类数量28 401只次。物种组成以雀形目鸟类为主，共21科66种20 049只次；居留型以夏候鸟（57种，占41.30%）和旅鸟（42种，占30.43%）居多；优势种为斑嘴鸭（Anas zonorhyncha）和栗耳鹀（Emberiza fucata）；国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种，国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类7种，"三有动物"108种，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）濒危物种1种，易危物种2种，近危物种5种。在不同生境，落叶阔叶林Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）（3.107）最高，城镇Pielou均匀度指数（J）（0.808）最高；鸟类群落Sørensen相似性显示:草本沼泽和大型湖泊生境的鸟类组成比较相近，落叶阔叶林和城镇生境的鸟类组成差异较大；各生境之间鸟类群落beta多样性周转组分均明显高于嵌套分组。研究表明沽源的落叶阔叶林、大型湖泊和小型湖泊这3种生境具有较稳定的群落结构，应成为鸟类保护的重点关注区域，同时还应控制人为干扰。

关键词: 沽源, 夏季, 鸟类群落, 多样性

Abstract: By using line- and point-sampling methods, bird surveys were conducted at Guyuan County, Hebei Province in June and July of each year from 2016 to 2019. A total of 28 401 individuals were recorded, which belong to 138 species, 40 families and 15 orders. Of them, the birds of Passeriformes were the major components of the avian community, for a total of 20 049 individuals, 66 species and 21 families; 57 species (41.30%) were summer breeders and 42 species (30.43%) were transient migrants; Eastern spot-billed duck (Anas zonorhyncha) and chestnut-eared bunting (Emberiza fucata) were the dominant species of the avian community. According to their endangered status, 1 species was under first-grade state protection, 7 species under second-grade state protection, and 108 bird species were the national protected terrestrial wild animals with important ecological, economic and scientific values in China; There were 1, 2, and 5 species listed as endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species by IUCN respectively. In different habitats, deciduous broad-leaved forest has the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'=3.107); town has the highest Pielou evenness (J=0.808). According to the Sørensen similarity of bird community, herbaceous swamps have similar species composition with large lakes, but deciduous broad-leaved forests and urban habitats differed greatly; The circulating components of beta diversity in different habitats of avian community were significantly higher than the nested groups. These results suggest that deciduous broad-leaved forest, large lake and small lake have stable community structure and should be the focus of bird protection and human disturbance control.

Key words: Guyuan, summer, avian community, diversity

中图分类号:

X176
Q145

刘琪琪, 范俊功, 谷德海, 侯建华. 河北沽源夏季鸟类群落多样性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(5): 612-617.

LIU Qi-qi, FAN Jun-gong, GU De-hai, HOU Jian-hua. Diversity of Avian Community in Summer in Guyuan County, Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(5): 612-617.

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