矿区堆煤场不同煤尘抑制措施对比研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0781

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆煤场是矿区煤尘扩散的主要尘源地，煤尘扩散会影响当地及周边生态环境安全。将抑尘网和抑尘剂应用于矿区堆煤场可以起到抑制煤尘的作用。为了优选矿区堆煤场煤尘抑制措施，通过风洞模拟试验，对4种布设方式的柔性PE抑尘网以及3种配比浓度的专用型（CR）、经济型（MC）和环保型（YH）抑尘剂的抑尘效果（起动风速、起尘量、粉尘浓度）进行对比研究。结果表明，抑尘效果最优的两种措施分别是喷洒配比浓度为30 g·L^-1的YH抑尘剂和布设双层覆盖抑尘网。比较两种最优措施发现，喷洒配比浓度为30 g·L^-1的YH抑尘剂处理煤尘起动风速比布设双层覆盖抑尘网处理高17%；与喷洒配比浓度为30 g·L^-1的YH抑尘剂处理相比，布设双层覆盖抑尘网处理煤尘起尘量和粉尘浓度要小很多。因此，从煤尘起动风速方面考量，喷洒配比浓度为30 g·L^-1的YH抑尘剂的抑尘效果最优；从起尘量和粉尘浓度方面考量，布设双层覆盖抑尘网的抑尘效果最优。

关键词: 煤尘, 粉尘浓度, 风洞试验, 抑尘剂, 抑尘网

Abstract: Coal yard is the main dust source for coal dust diffusion from the mining area to the surrounding environment. Using dust suppression nets and dust suppressants in the coal yard of the mining area can reduce pollution from coal dust. To optimize coal dust suppression measures in the coal yard, a wind tunnel simulation test was conducted to compare the amount, concentration, and wind speed of coal dust blowing through flexible polyester dust suppression nets in various layouts and the performance of three composite dust suppressants at various ratios. The results show that the best dust suppression was achieved through the spraying of 30 g·L^-1 environmental friendly dust suppressant and use of a double-layer dust suppression net. The findings indicate that spraying environmental friendly dust suppressant at a concentration of 30 g·L^-1 resulted in a threshold wind velocity of coal dust that was 17% higher than that of a double-layer dust suppression net, while the double-layer suppression net reduces the quantities and concentrations of coal dust. Altogether, spraying an environmental friendly dust suppressant at a 30 g·L^-1 concentration is effective in accounting for the threshold wind velocity of coal dust, while a double-layer dust suppression net is the optimal measure for reducing the quantity and concentration of coal dust.

Key words: coal dust, dust concentration, wind tunnel test, dust suppressant, dust suppression net

中图分类号:

卢斯琦, 赵廷宁, 辛智鸣, 段瑞兵, 肖辉杰. 矿区堆煤场不同煤尘抑制措施对比研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(7): 945-952.

LU Si-qi, ZHAO Ting-ning, XIN Zhi-ming, DUAN Rui-bing, XIAO Hui-jie. Comparative Study on Different Coal Dust Suppression Measures in Coal Yard of Mining Area.[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(7): 945-952.

参考文献

[1] 李海东,高媛赟,燕守广.生态保护红线区废弃矿山生态修复监管[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(8):673-677.[LI Hai-dong,GAO Yuan-yun,YAN Shou-guang.Supervisory Countermeasures of Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mine Areas in the Ecological Conservation Redline Area[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(8):673-677.]
[2] SRAM R J,BINKOVA B,DOSTAL M,et al.Health Impact of Air Pollution to Children[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2013,216(5):533-540.
[3] 张欣,彭小勇,黄帅.铀尾矿库尾矿砂大气污染的控制研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(11):2878-2884.[ZHANG Xin,PENG Xiao-yong,HUANG Shuai.Atmospheric Pollution Control Research of Tailing Sands in a Uranium Tailings Impoundment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(11):2878-2884.]
[4] 韦冠俊.矿山环境工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2001:25-70.
[5] PARK C W,LEE S J.Experimental Study on Surface Pressure and Flow Structure Around a Triangular Prism Located Behind a Porous Fence[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91(1/2):165-184.
[6] DONG Zhi-bao,LUO Wan-yin,QIAN Guang-qiang,et al.A Wind Tunnel Simulation of the Turbulence Fields Behind Upright Porous Wind Fences[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(2):193-207.
[7] 何泽慧.煤炭矿石堆场防风网设计关键参数及抑尘效果的优化研究[D].天津:南开大学,2014.[HE Ze-hui.Optimization of Coal Ore Yard Windproof Key Design Parameters and the Effect of Dust Suppression[D].Tianjin:Nankai University,2014.]
[8] LEE S J,PARK C W.Surface-pressure Variations on a Triangular Prism by Porous Fences in a Simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layer[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1998,73(1):45-58.
[9] 朱振肖,陈越超.苫布覆盖治理扬尘的环境影响及建议[J].绿色科技,2018(18):100-103.[ZHU Zhen-xiao,CHEN Yue-chao.Environmental Effects and Suggestions for Treating Dust With Scaffold Covering[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2018(18):100-103.]
[10] 杜翠凤,蔡嗣经,蒋仲安.YCH抑尘剂抑制露天矿路面扬尘的实验研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,14(增刊2):45-48.[DU Cui-feng,CAI Si-jing,JIANG Zhong-an.Experimental Study on Controlling Road Dust Raising in the Open Mine With the YCH Dust Suppressant[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,14(Suppl. 2):45-48.]
[11] 刘生玉,苏立红,郭建英,等.煤散料抑尘剂低温易溶性及应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):432-438.[LIU Sheng-yu,SU Li-hong,GUO Jian-ying,et al.Research on Low-temperature Solubility of Bulk Coal Dust Suppressant and Application[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2012,41(3):432-438.]
[12] 谢振华,李晓超.露天矿山运输路面复合抑尘剂的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2012,34(11):1240-1244.[XIE Zhen-hua,LI Xiao-chao.Research on Complex Dust Suppressants for Transport Roadways in Open Mines[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2012,34(11):1240-1244.]
[13] 常婷.露天储煤场煤尘起尘及抑尘研究[D].太原:山西大学,2009.[CHANG Ting.Research on Coal Dust Starting and Dust Control in Open-air Coal Storage Yard[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University,2009.]
[14] 王宝章,齐鸣,徐铀,等.煤炭装卸、堆放起尘规律及煤尘扩散规律的研究[J].武汉水运工程学院学报,1985(4):41-50.[WANG Bao-zhang,QI Ming,XU You,et al.A Study of Release and Dispersion of Coal Dust Caused by Handling Coal[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Water Transport Engineering,1985(4):41-50.]
[15] 韩桂波,詹水芬,张晓春,等.煤炭粉尘颗粒起动风速影响因素及数学模型[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(10):1359-1363.[HAN Gui-bo,ZHAN Shui-fen,ZHANG Xiao-chun,et al.Influence Factors and Mathematical Model of Coal Dust Particles Threshold Velocity[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(10):1359-1363.]
[16] 丛晓春,张光玉,詹水芬.露天煤尘污染扩散运动的数值计算[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(11):1138-1141.[CONG Xiao-chun,ZHANG Guang-yu,ZHAN Shui-fen.Numerical Calculation of Mine Powder Diffusion Movement[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(11):1138-1141.]
[17] 王庆国,王德明,王和堂.矿尘的产生机理研究[J].煤矿安全,2014,45(2):12-14.[WANG Qing-guo,WANG De-ming,WANG He-tang.Research on Generation Mechanism of Mine Dust[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2014,45(2):12-14.]
[18] 杨静,谭允祯,王振华,等.煤尘表面特性及润湿机理的研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(7):737-740.[YANG Jing,TAN Yun-zhen,WANG Zhen-hua,et al.Study on the Coal Dust Surface Characteristics and Wetting Mechanism[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(7):737-740.]
[19] 史娜娜,全占军,韩煜,等.基于生态敏感性评价的乌海市土地资源承载力分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):239-243.[SHI Na-na,QUAN Zhan-jun,HAN Yu,et al.Analysis of Land Resources Carrying Capacity in Wuhai City Based on Ecological Sensitivity[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(1):239-243.]
[20] 王旭东,李忠,包伟民,等.乌海气候生产力对气候暖干化的响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(12):100-105.[WANG Xu-dong,LI Zhong,BAO Wei-min,et al.Response of Climatic Productivity to Climate Warming-drying Trend in Wuhai[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(12):100-105.]
[21] 刘明虎,朱金雷,辛智鸣,等.用于研究种子风力传播的野外环境风洞[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1770-1778.[LIU Ming-hu,ZHU Jin-lei,XIN Zhi-ming,et al.A Portable Wind Tunnel for Studying Seed Dispersal by Wind:Test and Evaluation[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(6):1770-1778.]
[22] 潘武轩,宋翀芳,何鸿展.露天堆场防风抑尘网遮蔽效果的数值模拟[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(9):4440-4446.[PAN Wu-xuan,SONG Chong-fang,HE Hong-zhan.Numerical Simulation of Shelter Effect of Porous Fence in Open Storage Piles[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(9):4440-4446.]
[23] 宋旗跃,张建平,王兆文,等.对贮煤场挡风抑尘网抑尘效果的研究[J].燃料与化工,2007,38(3):12-16.[SONG Qi-yue,ZHANG Jian-ping,WANG Zhao-wen,et al.Study on Dust Control Effect of Wind-proof and Dust Control Mesh in Coal Storage Yard[J].Fuel & Chemical Processes,2007,38(3):12-16.]
[24] 马思明.防风网3D数值模拟和粉尘扩散规律研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.[MA Si-ming.3D Numerical Simulation of Porous Fence and Study on Law of Dust Dispersion[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2013.]
[25] 郭珊,詹水芬,张斌斌,等.煤炭港粉尘污染防治技术综述[J].水道港口,2006,27(1):40-44.[GUO Shan,ZHAN Shui-fen,ZHANG Bin-bin,et al.Review of Dedust Technique in Coal Harbor[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2006,27(1):40-44.]
[26] 张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同结构的尼龙网和塑料网防沙效应研究[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(4):483-487.[ZHANG Ke-cun,QU Jian-jun,ZU Rui-ping,et al.Simulation on Abated Effect of Nylon and Plastic Nets With Different Structure on Wind-blown Sand in Wind Tunnel[J].Journal of Desert Research,2005,25(4):483-487.]
[27] 辛庚华.露天堆场起尘与防风网遮蔽效果机理研究及现场实测分析[D].大连:大连理工大学,2010.[XIN Geng-hua.Mechanism Research on Dusting at Open-air Yard and Shelter Effect of Wind-break Net & Analysis on Field Measurements[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2010.]
[28] 苏义华,李利东.环保型扬尘抑制剂性能研究与应用[J].化学工程师,2006,20(5):44-45.[SU Yi-hua,LI Li-dong.Study and Application of Environmental Protection Dust Emission Inhibitor[J].Chemical Engineer,2006,20(5):44-45.]
[29] OMANE D,LIU W V,POURRAHIMIAN Y.Comparison of Chemical Suppressants Under Different Atmospheric Temperatures for the Control of Fugitive Dust Emission on Mine Hauls Roads[J].Atmospheric Pollution Research,2017,9(3):561-568.
[30] 李成,朱逢豪,付兴民,等.关于抑尘剂开发及其存在主要问题的探讨[J].环境工程,2013,31(增刊1):360-362,392.[LI Cheng,ZHU Feng-hao,FU Xing-min,et al.Research Into Development of Dust Depressor and Major Problems Existing in this Area[J].Environmental Engineering,2013,31(Suppl.1):360-362,392.]
[31] 罗瑞冬,林木松,罗运柏,等.新型煤尘抑尘剂的制备及特性[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增刊2):454-459.[LUO Rui-dong,LIN Mu-song,LUO Yun-bai,et al.Preparation and Properties of a New Type of Coal Dust Suppressant[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Suppl. 2):454-459.]
[32] 肖红霞,郑义.复合型抑尘剂的制备研究[J].环境工程,2011,29(1):76-79.[XIAO Hong-xia,ZHENG Yi.Study on Synthesis and Application of the Compound Dust-depressor[J].Environmental Engineering,2011,29(1):76-79.]