区域尺度生物多样性维护功能综合评估方法与实证研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0392

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物多样性是区域可持续发展的基础，准确掌握区域尺度生物多样性维护功能空间格局，对于反映区域生态系统状态、变化和面临的威胁，以及选择保护策略均具有重要意义。利用区域生物量、地形地貌、气候和土地覆被因子，构建生物多样性维护功能综合评估模型，并以京津冀地区为研究区，对评估模型进行应用与验证。结果表明：（1）构建的评估模型能够反映研究区生物多样性维护功能空间格局。经模型评价，京津冀地区生物多样性维护功能高值区主要集中在燕山山区和太行山山区，低值区主要集中在坝上高原和平原地区，评估结果符合研究区实际。（2）研究区县域生物多样性和自然保护区物种多样性与模型评估结果间均存在显著相关关系。县域生物多样性指标中，物种特有性与模型评估结果之间相关性最高（r=0.699，P<0.001），其次为生态系统类型多样性（r=0.680，P<0.001）、稀有濒危物种丰富度（r=0.571，P<0.001）、野生维管植物丰富度（r=0.544，P<0.001）、外来物种入侵度（r=-0.437，P<0.001）和野生高等动物丰富度（r=0.404，P<0.001）；自然保护区物种多样性与模型评估结果间呈显著对数相关（r=0.540，P<0.001），约70%的自然保护区分布在生物多样性维护功能极重要和高度重要区。构建的评估方法能够从区域尺度和栅格水平反映生物多样性维护功能，从而为区域自然保护区建设和生态修复工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 生物多样性, 生态功能, 综合评估模型, 区域尺度, 京津冀地区

Abstract: Biodiversity is the foundation of regional sustainable development. Accurate evaluation of the spatial pattern of regional biodiversity maintenance functions is of great significance for reflecting the status, changes, and threats of regional ecosystems, as well as selecting corresponding protection strategies. Based on the regional biomass, topography, climate and land cover, a comprehensive assessment model of biodiversity maintenance functions was constructed and applied in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results show that: (1) The model can reflect the spatial pattern of biodiversity maintenance functions in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The high-value areas were mainly concentrated in the Yanshan and Taihang mountains, while the low-value areas were mainly concentrated in the Bashang Plateau and Plain areas. The evaluation results are in line with the actual conditions of the study area. (2) There is a significant correlation between the simulation results and the investigated biodiversity of the counties as well as species diversity in natural reserves. Among the various indicators of biodiversity for counties, the correlation between species-specific and the evaluation results was the highest (r=0.699, P<0.001), followed by ecosystem type diversity (r=0.680, P<0.001), richness of rare and endangered species (r=0.571, P<0.001), richness of wild vascular plants (r=0.544, P<0.001), alien species invasion (r=-0.437, P<0.001), and richness of wild higher animals (r=0.404, P<0.001); The logarithmic correlation between species diversity in natural reserves and evaluation results is the most significant (r=0.540, P<0.001). About 70% of natural reserves were distributed in the area with extremely important or highly important biodiversity maintenance functions. The evaluation method is applicable for reflecting the function of biodiversity maintenance from the regional scale and the grid level, and for providing scientific basis for the construction of regional nature reserves and ecological restoration.

Key words: biodiversity, ecological function, comprehensive evaluation model, regional scale, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

中图分类号:

X171.1
X176

刘铭华, 陈艳梅, 邹长新, 丁疆辉, 吕田田, 张扬. 区域尺度生物多样性维护功能综合评估方法与实证研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 287-294.

LIU Ming-hua, CHEN Yan-mei, ZOU Chang-xin, DING Jiang-hui, Lü Tian-tian, ZHANG Yang. Comprehensive Evaluation Method and Empirical Study of Biodiversity Maintenance Function at Regional Scale[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 287-294.

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