白龟湖自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0189

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鸟类是湿地生态系统的重要组成成分,也被认为是最好的生物指示物种。2019年12月至2021年12月采用样线法和样点法对白龟湖自然保护区鸟类多样性进行调查,共记录到鸟类94种,隶属于13目34科。其中,国家Ⅰ级保护动物2种,国家Ⅱ级保护动物11种,河南省重点保护鸟类4种。自然保护区内鸟类Shannon-Wiener 指数(H)为3.71,均匀度指数(J)为0.57,Simpson 指数(D)为0.84,Margalef 指数(M)为9.73,优势种为白骨顶(Fulica atra)。IUCN红色名录濒危等级中极危1种,濒危2种,近危2种,易危1种。东洋界、古北界和广布种鸟类分别为9、34和51种。冬候鸟、夏候鸟、留鸟和旅鸟分别为30、9、26和29种。不同生境中多样性指数也有所不同,H、J和D指数均以乡村农田、人工灌木丛和公园生境为较高,以湖泊、河流河汊和石滩滩涂生境为较低;但M指数以湖泊、乡村农田和河流河汊生境为较高,以公园、人工灌木丛和石滩滩涂生境为较低。此次调查不仅丰富了白龟湖自然保护区鸟类名录,而且为保护该湿地冬季鸟类提供了科学依据。

关键词: 白龟湖, 冬季鸟类, 生境, 保护

Abstract: Bird is an important component of wetland ecosystem and typically considered as an excellent biological and environmental indicator. From December 2019 to December 2021, the diversity of birds in Baigui Lake Natural Reserve was investigated by using line transects and point sample methods. In total, 94 birds of 34 families in 13 orders were recorded, including 2 species listed as Class I and 11 species listed as Class II in Chinese National Protected Wildlife List, and 4 species of key protected birds in Henan Province. The Shannon-Wiener index (H), evenness index (J), Simpson index (D) and Margalef index (M) of birds in the nature reserve are 3.71, 0.57, 0.84, and 9.73, respectively. Fulica atra was the most dominant species. According to the IUCN red list, one species is classified as critically endangered, two species were classified as endangered, two species were classified as near threatened, and one species was classified as vulnerable. For the bird fauna, there are 9 Oriental species, 34 Palaearctic species and 51 widespread species. Regarding the migration status, 30 species are winter visitors, 9 are summer visitors, 26 are residents, and 29 are pass migrants. Diversity index varied in different habitats. The H, J, and D index were higher in rural farmland, artificial bushes and parks, but lower in the lakes, river branches and rocky beach habitats. In contrast, M index was higher in lakes, rural farmlands, river branches, but lower in parks, artificial bushes and rocky beach habitats. This investigation enriched the bird list of Baigui Lake Natural Reserve, and would further benefit waterbirds protection in the area.

Key words: Baigui Lake, winter bird, habitat, conservation

中图分类号:

Q958.1

杨晓星, 李少斌, 陈天恩, 谢朝晖. 白龟湖自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(1): 90-96.

YANG Xiao-xing, LI Shao-bin, CHEN Tian-en, XIE Zhao-hui. Bird Diversity of Baigui Lake Natural Reserve in Winter[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(1): 90-96.

参考文献

[1] 生态环境部部长黄润秋作应对气候变化和保护生物多样性科学报告[J].环境科学与管理,2021,46(1):2.
[2] 蒋志刚.保护生物学[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1997:1-264.[JIANG Zhi-gang.Conservation Biology[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Science & Technology Press,1997:1-264.]
[3] 马克平.监测是评估生物多样性保护进展的有效途径[J].生物多样性,2011,19(2):125-126.[MA Ke-ping.Assessing Progress of Biodiversity Conservation with Monitoring Approach[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(2):125-126.]
[4] 蒋博文,贺春容,廖庆义,等.湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性的时空格局[J].生态与农村环境学报,2021,37(8):1050-1058.[JIANG Bo-wen,HE Chun-rong,LIAO Qing-yi,et al.Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Avian Diversity in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2021,37(8):1050-1058.]
[5] 邱冬冬,闫家国,张树岩,等.滨海湿地退化区鸟类刨坑觅食行为促进植被的恢复[J].自然资源学报,2020,35(2):449-459.[QIU Dong-dong,YAN Jia-guo,ZHANG Shu-yan,et al.Foraging-associated Hollows of Birds Facilitate the Vegetation Resilience in a Degraded Coastal Saltmarsh Ecosystem[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(2):449-459.]
[6] BANTIHUN G,TADELE S,AMEHA A.Avian Diversity in Dilifekar Block,Arsi Mountains National Park,Ethiopia[J].Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering,2020,8(1):6-11.
[7] 植毅进,刘威,邵明勤,等.鄱阳湖康山和都昌水鸟多样性动态研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2020,36(9):1149-1153.[ZHI Yi-jin,LIU Wei,SHAO Ming-qin,et al.Dynamic Study of Waterbird Diversity in the Kangshan and Duchang Reserves on Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2020,36(9):1149-1153.]
[8] 邓大军,刘权,胡建业,等.平顶山白龟湖国家湿地公园夏季鸟类群落多样性调查[J].河南林业科技,2018,38(1):34-37.[DENG Da-jun,LIU Quan,HU Jian-ye,et al.Summer Avian Community Diversity in the Baigui Lake National Wetland Park,Pingdingshan[J].Journal of Henan Forestry Science and Technology,2018,38(1):34-37.]
[9] 李文建,沈永宝,史锋厚,等.白龟湖国家湿地公园植物群落景观分析[J].北方园艺,2019(24):88-93.[LI Wen-jian,SHEN Yong-bao,SHI Feng-hou,et al.Plant Community Landscape Construction of the Bai Gui Lake National Wetland Park[J].Northern Horticulture,2019(24):88-93.]
[10] 芦国昌,程国斌.白龟湖流域水污染现状调查及防治对策[J].环境与发展,2018,30(9):24-26,28.[LU Guo-chang,CHENG Guo-bin.Study on Pollution Situation in the Baigui Lake and Its Countermeasures[J].Environment and Development,2018,30(9):24-26,28.]
[11] 张恒博,史冲,徐川川,等.平顶山市白鹭洲城市湿地公园土壤重金属元素特征及评价[J].矿产勘查,2021,12(12):2431-2439.[ZHANG Heng-bo,SHI Chong,XU Chuan-chuan,et al.Characteristics and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Elements in Soil of Bailuzhou Urban Wetland Park,Pingdingshan City[J].Mineral Exploration,2021,12(12):2431-2439.]
[12] 黄志强,李建成,刘银萍,等.关于白龟湖国家湿地公园历史人文资源景观建设的思考[J].河南林业科技,2012,32(3):34-36.
[13] 楚纯洁,王磊,于长立.白龟山库区湿地生态退化分析与恢复探讨[J].中国水土保持,2010(2):29-31.
[14] 徐海根,崔鹏,朱筱佳,等.全国鸟类多样性观测网络(China BON-Birds)建设进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(1):1-11.[XU Hai-gen,CUI Peng,ZHU Xiao-jia,et al.Progress in Construction of China Bird Diversity Observation Network(China BON-Birds)[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(1):1-11.]
[15] BIBBY C J,BUGESS N D,HILL D A,et al.Bird Census Techniques[M]. 2nd ed. London:Academic Press,2000.
[16] 刘阳,陈水华.中国鸟类观察手册[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2021:30-634.[LIU Yang,CHEN Shui-hua.The CNG Field Guide to the Brids of China[M].Changsha:Hunan Science & Technology Press,2021:30-634.]
[17] (英)多米尼克·卡曾斯.鸟类行为图鉴[M].何鑫,程翊欣译.长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2020:1-251.
[18] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017:1-492.[ZHENG Guang-mei.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2017:1-492.]
[19] 国家林业局调查规划设计院.平顶山白龟湖国家湿地公园总体规划[Z].[出版地不详]:[出版者不详],2011.
[20] 马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法:Ⅰ.α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(4):231-239.
[21] 孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].3版.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001:399-400.[SUN Ru-yong.Principle of Animal Ecology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Beijing Normal University Press,2001:399-400.]
[22] CRIST T O,VEECH J A.Additive Partitioning of Rarefaction Curves and Species-area Relationships:Unifying α-,β- and γ-diversity with Sample Size and Habitat Area[J].Ecology Letters,2006,9(8):923-932.
[23] 张艺凡,董睿龙,李杰,等.河南省域青头潜鸭的分布及种群变动[J].河南科学,2020,38(11):1768-1775.[ZHANG Yi-fan,DONG Rui-long,LI Jie,et al.Distribution and Population Change of Aythya baeri in Henan Province[J].Henan Science,2020,38(11):1768-1775.]
[24] 胡洁,宋景舒,江波,等.甘肃民勤春季鸟类群落结构与多样性[J].野生动物学报,2020,41(4):960-968.[HU Jie,SONG Jing-shu,JIANG Bo,et al.Investigation on Birds Community Structure and Diversity in Spring in Minqin,Gansu Province of China[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2020,41(4):960-968.]
[25] 张海波,孙喜娇,李光容,等.贵阳阿哈湖国家湿地公园鸟类群落多样性分析[J].野生动物学报,2020,41(3):626-640.[ZHANG Hai-bo,SUN Xi-jiao,LI Guang-rong,et al.Diversity Analysis of Bird Communities in Aha Lake National Wetland Park,Guiyang,China[J].Chinese Journal of Wildlife,2020,41(3):626-640.]
[26] 史伟生.漳泽水库藻类Margalef氏多样性指数(D)趋势分析[J].山西水利科技,2019(1):93-96.[SHI Wei-sheng.Trend Analysis of Margalef's Diversity Index(D) of Algae in Zhangze Reservoir[J].Shanxi Hydrotechnics,2019(1):93-96.]
[27] 杨楠,李波,黄薇,等.四川察青松多白唇鹿国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性和区系分析[J].四川动物,2020,39(4):465-480.[YANG Nan,LI Bo,HUANG Wei,et al.Bird Diversity and Fauna Analysis in the Chaqingsongduo White-lipped Deer National Nature Reserve,Sichuan[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2020,39(4):465-480.]
[28] 李东,杨岗,周放,等.南宁市北郊农耕区冬季鸟类多样性[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2011,30(14):1086-1091.[LI Dong,YANG Gang,ZHOU Fang,et al.Winter Bird Diversity in Agricultural Areas in Northern Suburbs of Nanning City[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2011,30(14):1086-1091.]
[29] 华彦,李晓民,刘学昌,等.洪河自然保护区春秋季节鸟类多样性比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2006,34(3):23-28.[HUA Yan,LI Xiao-min,LIU Xue-chang,et al.Comparison of Bird Diversity during Spring and Autumn in Honghe Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2006,34(3):23-28.]
[30] 李波,徐玮,王东睿,等.四川蜂桶山省级自然保护区鸟类多样性[J].四川动物,2021,40(2):220-232.[LI Bo,XU Wei,WANG Dong-rui,et al.Bird Diversity in the Fengtongshan Nature Reserve,Sichuan[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2021,40(2):220-232.]
[31] FULLER R A,IRVINE K N,DEVINE-WRIGHT P,et al.Psychological Benefits of Greenspace Increase with Biodiversity[J].Biology Letters,2007,3(4):390-394.
[32] DING T S,YUAN H W,GENG S,et al.Macro-scale Bird Species Richness Patterns of the East Asian Mainland and Islands:Energy,Area and Isolation[J].Journal of Biogeography,2006,33(4):683-693.
[33] BENNIE J,DUFFY J,DAVIES T,et al.Global Trends in Exposure to Light Pollution in Natural Terrestrial Ecosystems[J].Remote Sensing,2015,7(3):2715-2730.
[34] MORELLI F,BENEDETTI Y,IBÁÑEZ-ÁLAMO J D,et al.Effects of Urbanization on Taxonomic,Functional and Phylogenetic Avian Diversity in Europe[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,795:148874.