利用红外相机技术调查江西省齐云山国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0459

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究江西省齐云山国家级自然保护区的鸟类和兽类多样性,于2017年2月至2019年11月,利用红外相机技术对保护区及其周边地区进行调查。研究期间共布设60个相机监测位点,覆盖60个公里网格,累计29 809个相机工作日,共拍摄到8 167张独立有效照片,鉴定出16种野生兽类和49种野生鸟类,分别隶属4目11科和9目19科,其中包括国家一级保护重点动物2种,国家二级重点保护动物13种;易危种(VU)3种,近危种(NT)2种。相对多度指数(RAI)排前5位的兽类依次为小麂(Muntiacus reevesi)、鼬獾(Melogale moschata)、红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)、野猪(Sus scrofa)和果子狸(Paguma larvata);排前5位的鸟类依次为白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、紫啸鸫(Myophonus caeruleus)、灰胸竹鸡(Bambusicola thoracicus)、华南斑胸钩嘴鹛(Erythrogenys swinhoei)和黑领噪鹛(Garrulax pectoralis)。此次调查记录到的红腿长吻松鼠、绿翅金鸠(Chalcophaps indica)、大鹰鹃(Hierococcyx varius)等11个物种为齐云山国家级自然保护区新记录种。区内海拔>700~1 000和>1 000~1 300 m区间的物种较多(均为48种),常绿阔叶林和落叶阔叶林中的物种最丰富(分别有55和49种)。此次调查结果丰富了保护区生物多样性本底数据库,为后续保护区内的野生动物资源调查监测和保护管理奠定了基础。

关键词: 红外相机, 齐云山国家级自然保护区, 相对多度指数, 生物多样性

Abstract: To further understand the biodiversity status of the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi Province, the diversity of mammal and bird species was investigated by using camera-trapping technology from February 2017 to November 2019. The reserve and surrounding region were divided into 1 km×1 km grids using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Sixty grids were selected as monitoring plots, with one camera per grid. In the survey area, the cameras operated for 29 809 working days. 16 wild mammal species belonging to 11 families and 4 orders, and 49 wild bird species belonging to 19 families 9 orders were identified in 8 167 independent photos. Among the detected species, 2 were listed as first-class Nationally Protected Wildlife, and 13 as second-class. Three species were identified to be Vulnerable (VU), and two as Near Threatened (NT) under the IUCN Red List criterion. The 5 mammal species ranked most common by the relative abundance index (RAI) were Muntiacus reevesi, Melogale moschata, Dremomys pyrrhomerus, Sus scrofa and Paguma larvata. Further, the 5 bird species ranked most common were Lophura nycthemera, Myophonus caeruleus, Bambusicola thoracicus, Erythrogenys swinhoei and Garrulax pectoralis. 11 species, including Dremomys pyrrhomerus, Chalcophaps indica, and Hierococcyx varius, etc. were first recorded for the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve. These species were mainly distributed within the altitudes of >700-1 000 and >1 000-1 300 m (48 and 48 species, respectively). Species were most abundant in evergreen broad-leaved forest, and deciduous broad-leaved forest (55 and 49 species, respectively). The results of this survey has enhanced the baseline data for wildlife resources in the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve, laying foundation for further research and protection management.

Key words: camera-trapping, Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve, relative abundance index, biodiversity

中图分类号:

S862
X176

钱磊, 李言阔, 李佳琦, 万雅琼, 罗会潭, 吴治明, 卢建, 王振宇, 丁红秀, 钟毅峰, 邵瑞清, 申锦, 塔旗, 李安梅. 利用红外相机技术调查江西省齐云山国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类多样性[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(7): 890-896.

QIAN Lei, LI Yan-kuo, LI Jia-qi, WAN Ya-qiong, LUO Hui-tan, WU Zhi-ming, LU Jian, WANG Zhen-yu, DING Hong-xiu, ZHONG Yi-feng, SHAO Rui-qing, SHEN Jin, TA Qi, LI An-mei. Camera-trapping Survey of the Diversity of Mammals and Birds in Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(7): 890-896.

参考文献

[1] 马克平.监测是评估生物多样性保护进展的有效途径[J].生物多样性,2011,19(2):125-126.[MA Ke-ping.Assessing Progress of Biodiversity Conservation with Monitoring Approach[J].Biodiversity Science,2011,19(2):125-126.]
[2] 许龙,张正旺,丁长青.样线法在鸟类数量调查中的运用[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(5):127-130.[XU Long,ZHANG Zheng-wang,DING Chang-qing.Line Transect Methods in Avian Census[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2003,22(5):127-130.]
[3] 蔡音亭,干晓静,马志军.鸟类调查的样线法和样点法比较:以崇明东滩春季盐沼鸟类调查为例[J].生物多样性,2010,18(1):44-49.[CAI Yin-ting,GAN Xiao-jing,MA Zhi-jun.A Comparison of Line Transect and Point Count Surveys:A Case Study of Spring Saltmarsh Birds at Chongming Dongtan[J].Biodiversity Science,2010,18(1):44-49.]
[4] 谢文华,杨锡福,李俊年,等.八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究[J].生物多样性,2014,22(2):216-222.[XIE Wen-hua,YANG Xi-fu,LI Jun-nian,et al.A Preliminary Study of the Biodiversity of Ground-Dwelling Small Mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve,Hunan Province[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(2):216-222.]
[5] 包欣欣,刘丙万.黑龙江凉水和丰林保护区鸟类和兽类多样性[J].生态学报,2018,38(2):502-510.[BAO Xin-xin,LIU Bing-wan.Avian and Mammalian Biodiversity of Heilongjiang Liangshui and Fenglin Reserve[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(2):502-510.]
[6] 李佳,刘芳,叶立新,等.利用红外相机调查浙江省凤阳山兽类和鸟类多样性[J].兽类学报,2018,38(1):95-103.[LI Jia,LIU Fang,YE Li-xin,et al.Camera-Trapping Survey of the Diversity of Mammals and Birds in Fengyang Mountain of Zhejiang Province,China[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2018,38(1):95-103.]
[7] 斯幸峰,丁平.古田山森林动态监测样地内鸟兽种群动态的红外相机监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):819-822.[SI Xing-feng,DING Ping.Camera Trap Survey on Population Dynamics of Mammals and Birds in Gutianshan Forest Dynamics Plot,Eastern China[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(6):819-822.]
[8] 田成,李俊清,杨旭煜,等.利用红外相机技术对四川王朗国家级自然保护区野生动物物种多样性的初步调查[J].生物多样性,2018,26(6):620-626.[TIAN Cheng,LI Jun-qing,YANG Xu-yu,et al.Preliminary Surveys of Wild Animals Using Infrared Camera in Wanglang National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province[J].Biodiversity Science,2018,26(6):620-626.]
[9] 肖治术.我国森林动态监测样地的野生动物红外相机监测[J].生物多样性,2014,22(6):808-809.[XIAO Zhi-shu.An Introduction to Wildlife Camera Trapping Monitoring from Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network (CFor Bio)[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(6):808-809.]
[10] 李生强,汪国海,施泽攀,等.红外相机技术监测喀斯特生境兽类和鸟类多样性及活动节律[J].兽类学报,2016,36(3):272-281.[LI Sheng-qiang,WANG Guo-hai,SHI Ze-pan,et al.Infrared Camera Traps for Monitoring Mammal and Bird Diversity and Activity Pattern in Limestone Habitats[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2016,36(3):272-281.]
[11] 李斌强,李鹏映,杨家伟,等.运用红外相机调查云南巍山青华绿孔雀自然保护区的鸟兽多样性[J].生物多样性,2018,26(12):1343-1347.[LI Bin-qiang,LI Peng-ying,YANG Jia-wei,et al.Wildlife Monitoring in Weishan Qinghua Green Peafowl Nature Reserve Using Infrared Cameras,Yunnan Province[J].Biodiversity Science,2018,26(12):1343-1347.]
[12] 黄晓凤,单继红,孙志勇,等.江西齐云山自然保护区鸟类区系与多样性分析[J].四川动物,2009,28(2):302-308.[HUANG Xiao-feng,SHAN Ji-hong,SUN Zhi-yong,et al.Birds Fauna and Diversity Analysis in Qiyunshan Nature Resreve in Jiangxi Province[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2009,28(2):302-308.]
[13] 杨道德,刘洪生,喻兴雷,等.江西齐云山自然保护区兽类资源调查与分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2009,29(1):45-50.[YANG Dao-de,LIU Hong-sheng,YU Xing-lei,et al.Investigation and Analysis of the Mammal Resources in Qiyunshan Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2009,29(1):45-50.]
[14] 黄晓凤,涂业苟,陈建伟,等.江西齐云山自然保护区冬季鸟类调查及多样性分析[J].动物学杂志,2008,43(5):86-94.[HUANG Xiao-feng,TU Ye-gou,CHEN Jian-wei,et al.Investigation and Diversity of Birds in Winter in Qiyunshan Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2008,43(5):86-94.]
[15] 黄敦元,黄世贵,王建皓,等.齐云山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶群落多样性[J].生物多样性,2020,28(8):958-964.[HUANG Dun-yuan,HUANG Shi-gui,WANG Jian-hao,et al.Diversity of Butterfly Communities in the Qiyunshan National Nature Reserve[J].Biodiversity Science,2020,28(8):958-964.]
[16] 李佳琦,徐海根,万雅琼,等.全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammals)建设进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(1):12-19.[LI Jia-qi,XU Hai-gen,WAN Ya-qiong,et al.Progress in Construction of China Mammal Diversity Observation Network (China BON-Mammals)[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(1):12-19.]
[17] 万雅琼,李佳琦,杨兴文,等.基于红外相机的中国哺乳动物多样性观测网络建设进展[J].生物多样性,2020,28(9):1115-1124.[WAN Ya-qiong,LI Jia-qi,YANG Xing-wen,et al.Progress of the China Mammal Diversity Observation Network (China BON-Mammal) Based on Camera-Trapping[J].Biodiversity Science,2020,28(9):1115-1124.]
[18] O'BRIEN T G,KINNAIRD M F,WIBISONO H T.Crouching Tigers,Hidden Prey:Sumatran Tiger and Prey Populations in a Tropical Forest Landscape[J].Animal Conservation,2003,6(2):131-139.
[19] SMITH A T,解焱.中国兽类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2008:210-494.[SMITH A T,XIE Y.A Guide to the Mammals of China[M].Changsha:Hunan Education Press,2008:210-494.]
[20] 蒋志刚,刘少英,吴毅,等.中国哺乳动物多样性(第2版)[J].生物多样性,2017,25(8):886-895.[JIANG Zhi-gang,LIU Shao-ying,WU Yi,et al.China's Mammal Diversity (2nd Edition)[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(8):886-895.]
[21] 约翰·马敬能,卡伦·菲利普斯,何芬奇.中国鸟类野外手册[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,2000:27-461.[MACKINNON J,PHILLIPPS K,HE Fen-qi.A Field Guide to the Birds of China[M].Changsha:Hunan Education Press,2000:27-461.]
[22] 郑光美.中国鸟类分类与分布名录[M].3版.北京:科学出版社,2017:10-381.[ZHENG Guang-mei.A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China[M].3rd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2017:10-381.]
[23] 张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:55-227.[ZHANG Rong-zu.Zoogeography of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:55-227.]
[24] 蒋志刚,江建平,王跃招,等.中国脊椎动物红色名录[J].生物多样性,2016,24(5):501-551,615.[JIANG Zhi-gang,JIANG Jian-ping,WANG Hao-wang,et al.Red List of China's Vertebrates[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(5):501-551,615.]
[25] AZLAN J M,SHARMA D S K.The Diversity and Activity Patterns of Wild Felids in a Secondary Forest in Peninsular Malaysia[J].Oryx,2006,40(1):36-41.
[26] 陈立军,肖文宏,肖治术.物种相对多度指数在红外相机数据分析中的应用及局限[J].生物多样性,2019,27(3):243-248.[CHEN Li-jun,XIAO Wen-hong,XIAO Zhi-shu.Limitations of Relative Abundance Indices Calculated from Camera-trapping data[J].Biodiversity Science,2019,27(3):243-248.]
[27] 付鑫.贵州3处自然保护区红外相机野生动物监测与分析[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2020.[FU Xin.Wildlife Field Monitoring Using Infrared Cameras and Its Analysis in 3 Nature Reserves in Guizhou Province,China[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2020.]