基于MODIS的横断山区植被时空演变特征及地形效应分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0743

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 合理地评价植被变化的地形效应,可以为横断山区生态稳定和可持续发展、生态保护与生态建设效益评估提供科学依据。基于MODIS植被遥感产品和数字高程模型(DEM)资料,采用Sen+M-K趋势分析并结合地形差异修正方法,分析了2000-2020年横断山区植被与地形因子的变化关系。结果表明:(1)近21年横断山区植被归一化指数(NDVI)呈南高北低、低海拔地区大于高海拔山脉地区的分布格局,随海拔变化规律性显著,存在明显的岭谷差异。64.13%的区域植被稳定,极显著增加和显著增加区域面积占比分别为12.54%和11.77%,平均年际变化速率为0.013 (10 a)^-1。(2)横断山区植被NDVI分布和变化存在明显的地形效应,植被NDVI在海拔小于3 845 m的区域小幅波动,超过3 845 m后呈阶梯式减小;不同坡向的植被NDVI差异较小,但北坡大于南坡,西坡大于东坡,西北坡最大;植被NDVI在0~38.9°随坡度增加呈阶梯式增大,而坡度高于38.9°后急剧减小。(3)在海拔小于1 919 m、坡度小于3.8°的平地区域植被NDVI年际增加速率较小,显著退化分布明显;在海拔为1 919~3 162 m,坡度为3.8°~25.1°,坡向为西北坡、西坡和北坡的区域植被NDVI以稳定和增加为主,年际变化速率高;在海拔为2 739~3 534 m、坡度为22.2°~28.0°、坡向为东坡和西坡的过渡区域植被NDVI易出现波动,是生态治理中需着重注意和加强的区域。

关键词: 横断山区, 归一化植被指数, 气候变化, 地形效应, 时空演变

Abstract: Proper evaluation of the topographic effects of vegetation change could provide scientific basis for the benefit assessment of ecological stability sustainable development, ecological protection and ecological construction in the Hengduan Mountains Region. Based on MODIS vegetation remote sensing products and DEM data, Sen+M-K trend analysis was used combined with the terrain difference correction method to analyze the relationship between vegetation and terrain factors in the Hengduan Mountains Region from 2000 to 2020. The results show that:(1) Within the 21 years, the distribution pattern of NDVI was higher in the south and lower in the north, higher in low altitudes and lower in high altitudes. NDVI varies significantly with elevation change, and there are obvious differences between ridge and valley. The area of vegetation in stable accounted for 64.13%, and the areas with extremely significant increase and significant increase accounted for 12.54% and 11.77%, respectively. The average annual change rate was 0.013 (10 a)^-1. (2) The distribution and change of NDVI have obvious topographic effects in Hengduan Mountains Region. NDVI fluctuates slightly in the area with elevation less than 3 845 m, and decreases in a stepwise manner above 3 845 m. Although the difference of NDVI is small in different slope directions, the north slope is greater than the south slope, the west slope is greater than the east slope, and the northwest slope is the largest. NDVI increases in steps with the slope increasing from 0 to 38.9°, but decreases sharply when the slope is higher than 38.9°. (3) In the flat land with the elevation less than 1 919 m and the slope less than 3.8°, the interannual increase rate of NDVI is small, and the significant degradation distribution is obvious. At elevations of 1 919-3 162 m, slope of 3.8°-25.1°, and aspects of northwest, west and north slope, NDVI is mainly stable and increasing, with high interannual variation rate. The vegetation transition area with elevation of 2 739-3 534 m, slope of 22.2°-28.0°, and slope aspect of east and west, where NDVI is prone to fluctuation, so it is necessary to pay attention and to strengthen ecological governance.

Key words: Hengduan Mountains, NDVI, climate change, terrain effect, spatiotemporal evolution

中图分类号:

X171.1

白玛曲西, 普布多吉, 卓永, 次珍, 边琼, 黄鹏, 西绕卓玛, 玉洛. 基于MODIS的横断山区植被时空演变特征及地形效应分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(9): 1158-1169.

BAI Ma-qu-xi, PU Bu-duo-ji, ZHUO Yong, CI Zhen, BIAN Qiong, HUANG Peng, XI Rao-zhuo-ma, YU Luo. Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Terrain Effect of Vegetation in Hengduan Mountains Region Based on MODIS[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(9): 1158-1169.

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