肉鸭发酵床网上养殖垫料无害化处理及其还田效果研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1105

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1356-1364.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1105

肉鸭发酵床网上养殖垫料无害化处理及其还田效果研究

曹云^1,2, 刘兴超³, 王光奎³, 吴华山¹, 孙倩^1,2, 黄红英^1,2, 徐跃定^1,2

1. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部种养结合重点实验室, 江苏南京 210014;
2. 江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095;
3. 江苏省丰县畜牧兽医站, 江苏徐州 221700

收稿日期:2022-10-24 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-23
通讯作者: 黄红英,E-mail:sfmicrolab@163.com E-mail:sfmicrolab@163.com
作者简介:曹云(1981-),女,江苏丹阳人,研究员,博士,主要研究方向为农业废弃物处理与资源化利用。E-mail:yun.cao@jaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目〔JATS(2022)431〕;国家自然科学基金(420771100)

Composting of Bio-bedding Materials for Ducks and the Effects of Returning Composted Bedding Materials to Field

CAO Yun^1,2, LIU Xing-chao³, WANG Guang-kui³, WU Hua-shan¹, SUN Qian^1,2, HUANG Hong-ying^1,2, XU Yue-ding^1,2

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China;
2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/College of Resources and Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
3. Jiangsu Fengxian Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Xuzhou 221700, China

Received:2022-10-24 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肉鸭网床养殖模式已得到广泛应用,但长期养殖垫料容易出现重金属与盐分积累,且废弃垫料腐熟不完全,给资源化利用带来安全隐患。该研究提出了一种辅以接种嗜热微生物的堆肥方法,并通过田间试验明确腐熟垫料安全还田量。结果表明,简单堆制+定期翻堆处理50 d能使垫料充分腐熟。与未接种相比,接种0.5%的嗜热微生物菌剂能显著提高堆肥有机质降解速率,种子发芽指数提高23.8%。25%复合肥氮+75%腐熟垫料氮处理甜瓜产量最高,比纯化肥氮处理产量高8.17%,同时甜瓜果实中维生素C、可溶性糖含量最高。与纯化肥处理相比,垫料还田处理提高了土壤有机质、总氮、氨氮、有效磷、速效钾含量;但垫料还田土壤中Cr、Cu、Zn含量分别提高3.15%、11.65%、10.17%。土壤EC值比纯化肥处理提高40.19%。甜瓜果实与土壤中重金属含量随着垫料替代比例的增加呈上升趋势。研究结果可为肉鸭网床养殖垫料的高效资源化与农田安全利用提供科学依据。

关键词: 水禽, 发酵床养殖, 堆肥, 重金属, 盐渍化

Abstract: The bed breeding of ducks has been widely used, but long-term breeding bedding would result in the accumulation of heavy metals and salts. Meanwhile, the bedding waste is not always completely mature, which would bring security risks to the reutilization of these bedding wastes. In this study, thermophilic microorganisms were inoculated during aerobic composting of bedding wastes, and the safe amount of composted bedding returned to the field was evaluated through a field experiment. The results show that the bedding wastes can be fully decomposed within 50 days of simple stacking with regular turning. Compared with the non-inoculation control, inoculation of 0.5% thermophilic microbial agent could significantly improve the degradation rate of organic matter, and the seed germination index was increased by 23.8%. The yield of muskmelon treated with 25% compound fertilizer N+75% composted bedding N was the highest, which was 8.17% higher than that of 100% compound fertilizer N treatment. The contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar in muskmelon fruit treated with 25% compound fertilizer N+75% composted bedding N were also the highest. Compared with 100% compound fertilizer N treatment, the composted bedding returning treatments increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. However, the contents of Cr, Cu and Zn in the composted bedding returning treatments were increased by 3.15%, 11.65% and 10.17%, respectively. The soil electric conductivity was 40.19% higher than that of the 100% compound fertilizer N treatment. The contents of heavy metals in melon fruit and soil increased with the increasing proportion of bedding materials. This study provides an important basis for the efficient treatment and safe utilization of the bedding materials for meat duck breeding.

Key words: waterfowl, fermentation bed breeding, compost, heavy metals, salinization

中图分类号:

X713

曹云, 刘兴超, 王光奎, 吴华山, 孙倩, 黄红英, 徐跃定. 肉鸭发酵床网上养殖垫料无害化处理及其还田效果研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(10): 1356-1364.

CAO Yun, LIU Xing-chao, WANG Guang-kui, WU Hua-shan, SUN Qian, HUANG Hong-ying, XU Yue-ding. Composting of Bio-bedding Materials for Ducks and the Effects of Returning Composted Bedding Materials to Field[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(10): 1356-1364.

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肉鸭发酵床网上养殖垫料无害化处理及其还田效果研究

Composting of Bio-bedding Materials for Ducks and the Effects of Returning Composted Bedding Materials to Field

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