会泽铅锌矿区废弃地优势草本植物的重金属富集特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0506

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为筛选适合在矿区废弃地种植的优势草本植物，于2020年10月对云南省会泽铅锌矿区废弃地草本植物进行优势度评估和植物土壤样品采集，测定土壤理化性质和重金属含量以及植物地上部与根部重金属含量，分析优势草本植物个体或组合对重金属的富集转运特征。结果表明，研究区土壤呈弱酸性或弱碱性，Mn、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均远超该地背景值，主要污染物为Cd和Pb。优势草本植物共有10种，分别为狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、野艾蒿（Artemisia lavandulifolia）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）、白花鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）、白茅（Imperata cylindrica）、芒草（Miscanthus sinensis）、狗脊（Woodwardia japonica）、紫茎泽兰（Ageratina adenophora）、虎尾草（Chloris virgata）和水蓼（Polygonum hydropiper）。其中，狗脊、水蓼和狗牙根对Cu、Cd和Pb的富集能力较强（富集系数均在0.5~1.0之间），对Mn的转运效果较好（转运系数均在1.0~1.5之间），可作为建立植物群落的优势组合；野艾蒿和白茅地上部易积累Cu和Zn（富集系数均在0.5~1.0之间），且根部对Mn、Cd和Pb有良好的转运能力（转运系数均在1.0~1.5之间），可作为新建植物群落的亚优势组合；其他5种优势植物对重金属都有一定的富集转运能力，除紫茎泽兰外，均可作为新建植物群落的伴生种。综上，筛选出9种优势草本植物作为会泽铅锌矿区治理重金属污染、恢复植物多样性的备选植物，可根据重金属污染类型选择相应的植物组合搭配种植。

关键词: 铅锌矿区, 重金属, 富集系数, 转运系数, 聚类分析

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from the abandoned Pb-Zn mining area in Huize, Yunnan Province during October of 2020. The dominance degree of the herbaceous plants was evaluated to screen the dominant herbaceous plants suitable for planting in the abandoned mining areas. Soil physical and chemical properties and the heavy metal contents in soil samples were determined. Also, heavy metal contents in the shoots and roots of plants were measured to analyze the accumulation and transportation characteristics of heavy metals in individual or combinations of dominant herbaceous plants. The results show that the soil in the research area is slightly acidic or slightly alkaline. The contents of Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb in soil samples are far exceeding the background value of the area. Cd and Pb are the main pollutants in this area. There are a total of ten dominant herbaceous plants:Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulifolia, Cynodon dactylon, Bidens pilosa, Imperata cylindrica, Miscanthus sinensis, Woodwardia japonica, Ageratina adenophora, Chloris virgata and Polygonum hydropiper. Among them, Woodwardia japonica, Polygonum hydropiper and Cynodon dactylon are excellent in the accumulation of Cu, Cd and Pb (bioaccumulation factors between 0.5 and 1.0), and they have a high performance for Mn transportation (transportation factors between 1.0 and 1.5). Therefore, they can be used as a dominant combination for constructing plant communities. Artemisia lavandulifolia and Imperata cylindrica tend to accumulate Cu and Zn in the overground part (bioaccumulation factors between 0.5 and 1.0) and transfer Mn, Cd and Pb in the roots (transportation factors between 1.0 and 1.5). Thus, they can be used as a sub-dominant combination for constructing new plant communities. The other five dominant plants have various performances in heavy metal enrichment and transportation. Among them except for Ageratina adenophora, the other four dominant plants can be used as auxiliary species in new communities. In conclusion, nine dominant herbaceous plants are founded to be suitable for heavy metal pollution treatment and plant diversity restoration. The corresponding plant combinations can be selected according to the type of heavy metal pollution.

Key words: Pb-Zn mine, heavy metal, bioaccumulation factor, transportation factor, cluster analysis

中图分类号:

袁鑫奇, 俞乃琪, 郭兆来, 汪斯琛, 唐春东, 杨化菊, 刘嫦娥, 段昌群. 会泽铅锌矿区废弃地优势草本植物的重金属富集特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(3): 399-408.

YUAN Xin-qi, YU Nai-qi, GUO Zhao-lai, WANG Si-chen, TANG Chun-dong, YANG Hua-ju, LIU Chang-e, DUAN Chang-qun. The Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Dominant Herbaceous Plants in the Abandoned Pb-Zn Mining Area of Huize[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(3): 399-408.

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