三七中药材种植产地土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0487

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对云南省主要三七(Panax notoginseng)种植地耕层土壤(0~20 cm)、表下层土壤(>20~40 cm)和三七植株中的8种重金属污染状况进行评价分析,为三七药材安全性评价与土壤重金属污染治理提供理论依据。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)检测土壤和植株中重金属含量,采用单项污染指数(P_i)、内梅罗综合污染指数(NIPI)和潜在生态风险指数(PERI)评估土壤重金属污染状况,采用估计每日摄入量(EDI)、目标危害商(THQ)和危害指数(HI)评估植株各部位重金属人体健康风险,采用生物富集系数(BCF)和转运系数(TF)评估重金属在植株中的富集和转运能力。结果表明,三七种植土壤重金属污染程度由高到低依次为Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb、As、Hg和Zn;三七种植土壤属于中度污染,且有中度生态风险。三七主根、芦头、须根、茎和叶5个部位均呈不同程度重金属超标现象,尤其是Hg在地上部超标严重,但均无人体健康风险。植株各个部位重金属富集系数均小于1,其中,主根、须根、芦头和茎Cd富集能力最强,Pb富集能力最弱,叶Hg富集能力最强,Cr富集能力最弱;8种重金属在三七植株中的转运能力由高到低依次为Hg、Cu、As、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni和Cr。

关键词: 三七, 土壤, 重金属, 转运, 富集, 风险评估

Abstract: To evaluate the safety of Panax notoginsengas medicinal materials and provide theoretical basis for the control of soil heavy metal pollution, the contents of eight heavy metals in tillage layer soil (0-20 cm), subsoil layer (>20-40 cm) and P. notoginseng in the main planting fields of Yunnan Province were analyzed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the contents of heavy metals. Soil heavy metal pollution was assessed by single pollution index (P_i), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). Estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to estimate the risk of intake of parts of plants on human. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) and transport factor (TF) were used to evaluate the enrichment and transport capacity of heavy metals in plants. The results show that the pollution degree of heavy metals in P. notoginseng planting soil is in the order of Cd>Cu>Cr>Ni>Pb>As>Hg>Zn; The planting soil of P. notoginsengis moderately contaminated by heavy metals and has moderate ecological risk; The contents of heavy metals exceeded the standard for all five parts of P. notoginseng,including taproots, fibrous roots, rhizomes, stems and leaves. Especially Hg in the shoots excessively exceeds the standard. However, none of them pose any human health risk; The enrichment coefficients of heavy metals in all parts of plants are less than 1. Specifically, the enrichment capability of Cd is the strongest and Pb is the weakest in taproots, fibrous roots, rhizomes and stems. The enrichment capability of Hg is the strongest and Cr is the weakest in leaves; The transport capacity of heavy metals in plants is in the order of Hg>Cu>As>Zn>Pb>Cd>Ni>Cr.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, soil, heavy metal, transfer, enrichment, risk assessment

中图分类号:

黄珍华, 沈智达, 施辉能, 龙光强, 邓维萍, 范伟. 三七中药材种植产地土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(5): 645-653.

HUANG Zhen-hua, SHEN Zhi-da, SHI Hui-neng, LONG Guang-qiang, DENG Wei-ping, FAN Wei. Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals in Panax notoginseng Planting Fields[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(5): 645-653.

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