基于藻类生长潜力评估调水对藻类生长的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2023.0323

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评估水体生态健康,量化和确定供水输入的浮游藻类群落对受水水体浮游藻类生长的影响程度具有重要意义。该研究在不同季节的调水期测定了供、受水水体的理化因子,同时利用藻类生长潜力试验比较和分析了不同比例的供、受水水体混合处理后浮游藻类细胞密度和群落结构变化。结果显示,调水期间受水水库的氮磷营养盐浓度没有显著变化(P＞0.05)。不同季节的藻类生长潜力试验显示,夏、冬季处理组的浮游藻类细胞密度峰值时间比对照组提前了4 d,且密度峰值随着混合比例的提高而增大;但夏季培养末期(20 d)处理组的浮游藻类密度均低于对照组,同时夏、秋和冬季处理组的实际藻类密度峰值均低于理论估算值,分别低10%、17%~24%和31%。处理组的群落结构变化表现为夏季受水水库的绝对优势种转变为输入的优势种,秋、冬季绝对优势种的相对丰度随调水比例的提高而增加,明显受到供水优势种生长的影响。供、受水水体的营养盐浓度差异是影响藻类生长的主要因素,持续调水显著影响受水水体浮游藻类的群落结构,但在一定程度上降低了发生藻类水华的风险。

关键词: 调水, 理化因子, 浮游藻类, 群落结构, 藻类生长潜力试验

Abstract: Currently, the water supply source is complex, and the trend of water quality changes in the receiving reservoir is unclear. To evaluate the ecological health of the water body, it is important to quantify and determine the impact of the phytoplankton community in the water supply on the growth of phytoplankton in the receiving water. In this study, the physic-chemical factors of the water in the supply and receiving reservoirs were measured during different seasons of water transfer period. The changes in cell density and community structure of phytoplankton in the mixed water treatment of different ratios of the supply and receiving water were compared and analyzed by using the algae growth potential test. The results show that the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the receiving reservoir did not change significantly during the water transfer period (P＞0.05). The algae growth potential tests conducted in different seasons showed that the peak time of phytoplankton cell density in the treatment groups of summer and winter was 4 days earlier than that in the control group, and the peak density increased with the increase of the mixing ratio. However, the density of phytoplankton in the treatment group in the end of the summer cultivation period (20 days) was lower than that in the control group. Additionally, the actual peak density of phytoplankton in the treatment groups in summer, autumn and winter was 10%, 17%-24%, and 31% lower than the theoretically estimated value, respectively. The changes in community structure in the treatment group show that the absolute dominant species in the receiving reservoir during summer was replaced by the dominant species in the input water, and the relative abundance of the dominant species in autumn and winter increased with the increase of the water mixing ratio, indicating that they were significantly affected by the growth of the dominant species in the supply water. Overall, the difference in nutrient concentrations between the supply and receiving water bodies is the main factor affecting the growth of phytoplankton. Continuous water transfer significantly affects the community structure of phytoplankton in the receiving water body but also reduces the risk of algal blooms to some extent.

Key words: water transfer, physic-chemical factors, phytoplankton, community structure, algal growth potential test

中图分类号:

X835

薛立阳, 赵恕轲, 胡俊杰, 裴国凤, 张烨. 基于藻类生长潜力评估调水对藻类生长的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(4): 513-520.

XUE Li-yang, ZHAO Nu-ke, HU Jun-jie, PEI Guo-feng, ZHANG Ye. Assessment of Water Transfer Effects on Algal Growth Based on Algal Growth Potential[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(4): 513-520.

参考文献

[1] 孙克,张信为,聂坚,等.中国省域水资源利用绩效评价及空间分异和驱动因素分析[J].水资源保护,2023,39(4):102-110,186.[SUN Ke,ZHANG Xin-wei,NIE Jian,et al.Evaluation of Provincial Water Resources Utilization Performance in China and Its Spatial Differentiation and Driving Factor Analysis[J].Water Resources Protection,2023,39(4):102-110,186.]
[2] SONG Y J,QI J,DENG L,et al.Selection of Water Source for Water Transfer Based on Algal Growth Potential to Prevent Algal Blooms[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2021,103:246-254.
[3] YANG S T,BAI J,ZHAO C S,et al.The Assessment of the Changes of Biomass and Riparian Buffer Width in the Terminal Reservoir under the Impact of the South-to-north Water Diversion Project in China[J].Ecological Indicators,2018,85:932-943.
[4] ZHU J,ZHANG Z,LEI X H,et al.Ecological Scheduling of the Middle Route of South-to-north Water Diversion Project Based on a Reinforcement Learning Model[J].Journal of Hydrology,2021,596:126107.
[5] ZHANG H,LI W J,MIAO P P,et al.Risk Grade Assessment of Sudden Water Pollution Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2020,27(1):469-481.
[6] XIA R,ZOU L,ZHANG Y,et al.Algal Bloom Prediction Influenced by the Water Transfer Project in the Middle-lower Hanjiang River[J].Ecological Modelling,2022,463:109814.
[7] LIANG L,DENG Y,LI J,et al.Modelling of pH Changes in Alkaline Lakes with Water Transfer from a Neutral River[J].Chemosphere,2023,310:136882.
[8] ZHAO G X,GAO X P,ZHANG C,et al.The Effects of Turbulence on Phytoplankton and Implications for Energy Transfer with an Integrated Water Quality-ecosystem Model in a Shallow Lake[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2020,256:109954.
[9] LEE H W,YEOM B M,CHOI J H.Modelling Water Quality Improvements in a South Korean Inter-basin Water Transfer System[J].Water,2020,12(11):3173.
[10] 李国辉,李莉杰,李根保.基于EFDC的滇池藻类模型参数敏感性时空特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2021,27(4):1047-1054.[LI Guo-hui,LI Li-jie,LI Gen-bao.Spatial-temporal Parameter Sensitivities of the Dianchi Algae Model Based on EFDC[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2021,27(4):1047-1054.]
[11] HUANG J C,GAO J F,ZHANG Y J,et al.Modeling Impacts of Water Transfers on Alleviation of Phytoplankton Aggregation in Lake Taihu[J].Journal of Hydroinformatics,2015,17(1):149-162.
[12] LI Q,WANG G Q,TAN Z X,et al.Succession of Phytoplankton in a Shallow Lake under the Alternating Influence of Runoff and Reverse Water Transfer[J].Hydrology Research,2020,51(5):1077-1090.
[13] 田立平,邢峰杰,王恩霞,等.峡山水库浮游植物群落结构变化及分布情况[J].供水技术,2021,15(5):17-21.[TIAN Li-ping,XING Feng-jie,WANG En-xia,et al.Changes and Distributions of Phytoplankton Community of Xiashan Reservoir[J].Water Technology,2021,15(5):17-21.]
[14] 丁宁,杨莹莹,万年新,等.调蓄水库细菌群落季节变化特征与影响因素[J].环境科学,2023,44(3):1484-1496.[DING Ning,YANG Ying-ying,WAN Nian-xin,et al.Seasonal Variation and Influencing Factors of Bacterial Communities in Storage Reservoirs[J].Environmental Science,2023,44(3):1484-1496.]
[15] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:243-415.
[16] 金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:275-283.
[17] 杜晓明,刘厚田,沈英娃,等.水体增温对浮游植物群落结构及其生态学特性影响的研究[J].环境科学研究,1992,5(3):35-41.[DU Xiao-ming,LIU Hou-tian,SHEN Ying-wa,et al.The Study on Effects of Increased Temperature of Water Bodies on the Community Structure and Ecological Character of Plytoplankton[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,1992,5(3):35-41.]
[18] 胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:23-180.
[19] 章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1991:333-344.
[20] 范成新,张路,包先明,等.太湖沉积物-水界面生源要素迁移机制及定量化:2.磷释放的热力学机制及源-汇转换[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(3):207-217.[FAN Cheng-xin,ZHANG Lu,BAO Xian-ming,et al.Migration Mechanism of Biogenic Elements and Their Quantification on the Sediment-water Interface of Lake Taihu:Ⅱ.Chemical Thermodynamic Mechanism of Phosphorus Release and Its Source-sink Transition[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(3):207-217.]
[21] WU J,KOW L.Alteration of Phytoplankton Assemblages Caused by Changes in Water Hardness in Feitsui Reservoi[J].Botanical Studies,2010,51:521-529.
[22] CAREY C C,HANSON P C,THOMAS R Q,et al.Anoxia Decreases the Magnitude of the Carbon,Nitrogen,and Phosphorus Sink in Freshwaters[J].Global Change Biology,2022,28(16):4861-4881.
[23] NALLEY J O,O'DONNELL D R,LITCHMAN E.Temperature Effects on Growth Rates and Fatty Acid Content in Freshwater Algae and Cyanobacteria[J].Algal Research,2018,35:500-507.
[24] WANG C Y,JIAO X M,ZHANG Y,et al.A Light-limited Growth Model Considering the Nutrient Effect for Improved Understanding and Prevention of Macroalgae Bloom[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2020,27(11):12405-12413.
[25] GIBBONS K J,BRIDGEMAN T B.Effect of Temperature on Phosphorus Flux from Anoxic Western Lake Erie Sediments[J].Water Research,2020,182:116022.
[26] THOREL M,FAUCHOT J,MORELLE J,et al.Interactive Effects of Irradiance and Temperature on Growth and Domoic Acid Production of the Toxic Diatom Pseudo-Nitzschia australis[J].Harmful Algae,2014,39:232-241.
[27] HANIEF A,MATIICHINE D,LAURSEN A E,et al.Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss Potential from Biosolids-amended Soils and Biotic Response in the Receiving Water[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2015,44(4):1293-1303.
[28] KLAPWIJKS P,BOLIER G,VAN DER DOES J.The Application of Algal Growth Potential Tests (AGP) to the Canals and Lakes of Western Netherlands[J].Hydrobiologia,1989,188(1):189-199.
[29] PRINCE E K,MYERS T L,KUBANEK J.Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Competitors:Allelopathic Mechanisms of the Red Tide Dinoflagellate karenia Brevis[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(2):531-541.
[30] LIANG Z Y,SORANNO P A,WAGNER T.The Role of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Chlorophyll A:Evidence from Hundreds of Lakes[J].Water Research,2020,185:116236.
[31] NOBLE P J,SEITZ C,LEE S S,et al.Characterization of Algal Community Composition and Structure from the Nearshore Environment,Lake Tahoe (United States)[J].Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,2023,10:1053499.
[32] 周利,王茂伟,高静思,等.氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长及光合生理的影响[J].环境工程,2020,38(11):110-116,134.[ZHOU Li,WANG Mao-wei,GAO Jing-si,et al.Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations on Growth and Photosynthetic Physiology of Pseudanabaena sp.[J].Environmental Engineering,2020,38(11):110-116,134.]
[33] 李晓莉,陶玲,毛梦哲,等.温度和氮磷浓度对平裂藻和栅藻生长及竞争的影响[J].水生生物学报,2015,39(6):1217-1223.[LI Xiao-li,TAO Ling,MAO Meng-zhe,et al.The Effect of the Temperature and the N/P Concentration on the Growth and Competition of Merismopedia and Scenedesmus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(6):1217-1223.]
[34] 李红敏,裴海燕,孙炯明,等.拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)及其毒素的研究进展与展望[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(4):775-795.[LI Hong-min,PEI Hai-yan,SUN Jiong-ming,et al.Progress and Prospect in the Study of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Its Toxins[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2017,29(4):775-795.]
[35] SUM,FANG J,JIA Z Y,et al.Biosynthesis of 2-Methylisoborneol Is Regulated by Chromatic Acclimation of Pseudanabaena[J].Environmental Research,2023,221:115260.