河蟹生态养殖池塘后生浮游动物群落结构及水质生态学评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0244

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究河蟹生态养殖池塘后生浮游动物群落结构及水体健康状况，于2017年5-10月在江苏省宜兴市高塍镇滆湖渔场河蟹生态养殖池塘和池塘进水处进行采样，对后生浮游动物进行种类鉴定和定量分析，并采用生物多样性指数对水体进行生态学评价。调查共发现49种后生浮游动物，包括22种轮虫类、15种枝角类和12种桡足类。轮虫类的壶状臂尾轮虫（Brachionus urceus）、萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）和针簇多肢轮虫（Polyarthra trigla），枝角类的棘体网纹溞（Ceriodaphnia setosa）、美丽网纹溞（Ceriodaphnia pulchella）和直额裸腹溞（Moina rectirostris），桡足类的无节幼体（Nauplii）、跨立小剑水蚤（Microcyclops varicans）和胸饰外剑水蚤（Ectocyclops phaleratus）为优势种。轮虫类密度最大，但生物量最小；而枝角类密度最小，生物量最大；桡足类的密度和生物量则居中。RDA排序分析表明，温度、TN、PO₄^3--P和COD_Mn是池塘后生浮游动物群落结构的主要影响因素。生物多样性指数评价结果表明，池塘和池塘进水处均处于中污染状态，池塘水质并未显著优于池塘进水处，这与该地区河蟹养殖密度较大有关，今后应以合理的养殖密度为探究方向。

关键词: 河蟹, 后生浮游动物, 群落结构, 水质评价

Abstract: This study aims to explore the metazooplankton community structure and water status of Eriocheirsinesis ecological breeding ponds. Samples were taken from three ponds and water inlet, and species identification and quantitative analysis of the metazooplankton were then conducted. The biodiversity index was used to evaluate the water quality. A total of 49 metazooplankton species were found, including 22 species of Rotifera, 15 species of Cladocera, and 12 species of Copepoda. Brachionus urceus, Brachionus calyciflorus, and Polyarthra trigla of Rotifera, Ceriodaphnia setosa, Ceriodaphnia pulchella and Moina rectirostris of Cladocera, Nauplii, Microcyclops varicans and Ectocyclops phaleratus of Copepoda were the dominant species. Rotifera had the largest density, but the biomass was the smallest, while the density of Cladocera was the smallest, but they had the largest biomass, followed by the density and biomass of Copepoda. RDA ordination analysis shows that T, TN, PO₄^3--P and COD_Mn were the main influencing factors of the metazooplankton community structure in ponds. The evaluation results of biodiversity index on water quality show that both ponds and water inlet were in the state of medium pollution, and the water quality of ponds was not significantly better than that of water inlet, which was related to the high breeding density in this area, and finding a reasonable breeding density should be taken as the research direction in the future.

Key words: Eriocheir sinesis, metazooplankton, community structure, evaluation of water quality

中图分类号:

X824
Q958.8

戴丹超, 马旭洲, 张文博, 张勇, 周桢. 河蟹生态养殖池塘后生浮游动物群落结构及水质生态学评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 208-216.

DAI Dan-chao, MA Xu-zhou, ZHANG Wen-bo, ZHANG Yong, ZHOU Zhen. Metazooplankton Community Structure and Ecological Evaluation of Water Quality of Eriocheir sinesis Ecological Culture Ponds[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(2): 208-216.

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