滴水湖水体及沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃的污染分析与评价

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明临港地区开发对滴水湖水环境的影响,利用原子吸收分光光度计(TAS990)、顺序注射双道原子荧光光度计(AFS-9130)和高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)等仪器检测了滴水湖湖区表层湖水及沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,并采用单因子分析、Hakanson潜在风险评价和主成分分析等方法对其污染状况进行风险评价和来源分析。结果表明,Hg是表层湖水中污染最为严重的重金属,Cd和Hg在沉积物中污染最严重;表层湖水中ρ(PAHs)为66~269 ng·L^-1,主要以低分子量PAHs(2~3环)为主;而沉积物(以干重计)中w(PAHs)为46~54 ng·g^-1,主要以高分子量PAHs(4~6环)为主。重金属总体呈高生态风险,沉积物中Cu、Pb和Hg主要来自于潮滩底质,Cd可能来自滴水湖上游的工业活动与生活污水等人为源;PAHs污染轻微,但致癌性PAHs所占比例较高,沉积物中的污染主要来自燃烧源。

关键词: 重金属, 多环芳烃, 滴水湖, 风险评价

Abstract:

In order to assess environmental impacts of the development of the Lingang area on water environment of Lake Dishui, samples were collected from the surface water layer and sediment of the lake for analysis of contents of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) with atomic absorption spectrophotometers(TAS990), flow injection two-channel atomic fluorescence spectrophotometers(AFS-9130) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Single factor analysis, Hakanson potential risk assessment and principal component analysis were performed to assess pollution risks and analyze sources of the pollutants. Results show that Hg were the predominant pollutant in the surface water layer, while Cd and Hg were in the sediment; and a total of 16 species of PAHs were found, varying in the range from 66 to 269 ng·L^-1 in content and dominated with lower molecular weight PAHs(2- and 3-ring PAHs) in the water of the surface water layer, and varying in the range from 46 to 54 ng·g^-1(dry weight) and dominated with high molecular weight PAHs(4- and 6-ring PAHs) in the sediment. On the whole, heavy metals posed a very high ecological risk. Cu, Pb and Hg in the sediment came mainly from the tidal flat matrix and Cd possibly came from industrial activities and domestic sewage in the upper streams. The pollution of PAHs was very low, but carcinogenic PAHs made up a quite big proportion. And the pollutants in the sediment came mainly from the nature.

Key words: heavy metal, PAHs, Lake Dishui, risk assessment

中图分类号:

X824

李娟英, 石文瑄, 崔昱, 李润奇. 滴水湖水体及沉积物中重金属和多环芳烃的污染分析与评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(1): 96-101.

LI Juan-ying, SHI Wen-xuan, CUI Yu, LI Run-qi. Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediment of Lake Dishui[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(1): 96-101.

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