煤炭资源型城市街尘重金属富集与时空变化特征:以宿州市为例

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.07.007

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 622-631.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.07.007

煤炭资源型城市街尘重金属富集与时空变化特征:以宿州市为例

林曼利^1,2, 桂和荣^1,2, 陈松^1,2, 闵宁^1,2, 王曜³, 彭位华⁴, 李致春^1,2

1. 宿州学院资源与土木工程学院, 安徽宿州 234000;
2. 国家煤矿水害防治工程技术研究中心, 安徽宿州 234000;
3. 东北农业大学资源与环境学院, 黑龙江哈尔滨 150030;
4. 北京航空航天大学空间与环境学院, 北京 100191

收稿日期:2016-07-26 出版日期:2017-07-25 发布日期:2017-07-25
作者简介:林曼利(1984-),女,安徽宿州人,讲师,硕士,主要从事环境水文地球化学研究。E-mail:linmanli112@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41373095）；安徽高校自然科学研究重点项目（KJ2017A445）；宿州学院优秀青年人才支持计划资助项目（SZXYQNL2017002）；宿州区域发展协同创新中心开放课题（2014SZXTKF10，2015SZXTZXKF01，2015SZXTZXKF04）；宿州学院科研平台开放课题（2015YKF11）

Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Dust on Streets of Cities With Economy Depending on Coal Mining and Its Spatio-Temporal Variation:A Case Study of Suzhou City, Anhui Province

LIN Man-li^1,2, GUI He-rong^1,2, CHEN Song^1,2, MIN Ning^1,2, WANG Yao³, PENG Wei-hua⁴, LI Zhi-chun^1,2

1. School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 234000, China;
2. National Engineering and Research Center of Coalmine Water Hazards Controlling, Suzhou 234000, China;
3. College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
4. School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2016-07-26 Online:2017-07-25 Published:2017-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究煤炭资源型城市街尘中重金属富集与时空变化特征，以宿州市为例，选取23个采样点进行了1 a连续采样。利用X射线荧光光谱分析仪对采集的276个街尘样品进行了Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb等含量检测，并分别用富集因子法和Origin等高线图对重金属富集和时空分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb含量均值分别为112.9、27.5、225.3和45.2 mg·kg^-1，分别是安徽省土壤背景值的1.7、1.3、3.6和1.7倍，与研究区其他环境介质（土壤和沉积物）的对比分析表明，街尘Cr和Zn含量相对较高。富集因子分析结果表明，Zn为中度富集，Cr、Cu和Pb均为轻度富集。4种重金属季节变化总体不明显，其中Cr含量夏季高于春季；Cu含量表现为春季高于夏、秋季，冬季高于秋季；Zn含量表现为夏季高于秋季；而Pb含量无显著季节差异。空间分布结果分析表明，Cr高值区主要位于新工业区附近及采煤矿区方向，而Cu、Zn和Pb高值区多分布在人为活动较频繁的交通运输区和中心城区。结合数理分析发现，Cr可能主要来自工业活动，而Cu、Zn和Pb可能主要与交通活动有关。冬季燃煤以及区域风向、风速对重金属的空间分布有重要影响。

关键词: 街尘, 重金属, 时空变化, 煤炭资源型城市, 宿州市

Abstract:

To characterize heavy metals enrichment in street dust and its spatio-temporal variation in cities with economy depending on coal mining, 23 sampling sites were set up in Suzhou City (Anhui Province) for dust sampling continuously throughout a year. A total of 276 dust samples were collected for analysis of heavy metals concentrations with X-ray fluorescence spectrum analyzer and for characterization of the heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) enrichment in dust and spatio-temporal variation, using the enrichment factor method and XYZ Contour of Origin software, respectively. Results show that, the mean concentration of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb in the dust was 112.9, 27.5, 225.3 and 45.2 mg·kg^-1, respectively, or 1.7, 1.3, 3.6 and 1.7 times as high as their respective background value in the soil of Anhui Province. Compared with other environmental media, like soil and sediment, the dust was relatively higher in Cr and Zn concentration. Analysis using the enrichment factor method reveals that Zn was moderately enriched, while Cr, Cu and Pb were all slightly enriched. On the whole, the four heavy metal elements did not vary much in concentration with the season, but Cr was higher in summer than in spring; Cu was, in spring than in summer and fall, and in winter than in fall; Zn was, in summer than in fall; while Pb did not have much apparent seasonal difference. Analysis for spatial distribution of heavy metals shows that dust high in Cr concentration was mainly distributed in the new industrial district of the city and coal-mining zones, while dust high in Cu, Zn and Pb concentration was distributed in areas busy with transportation and human activities, and down town of the city. It was also found through mathematical analysis that Cr originated mainly from industrial activities, while Cu, Zn and Pb from traffics. Furthermore, coal-burning for heating in winter and wind directions and speed in the studied area are all major factors affecting spatial distribution of the heavy metal pollutants. All these findings described above may serve as significant reference for local environmental protection and relevant scientific researches on such cities.

Key words: street dust, heavy metals, spatial-temporal distribution, coal resources city, Suzhou City

中图分类号:

林曼利, 桂和荣, 陈松, 闵宁, 王曜, 彭位华, 李致春. 煤炭资源型城市街尘重金属富集与时空变化特征:以宿州市为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(7): 622-631.

LIN Man-li, GUI He-rong, CHEN Song, MIN Ning, WANG Yao, PENG Wei-hua, LI Zhi-chun. Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Dust on Streets of Cities With Economy Depending on Coal Mining and Its Spatio-Temporal Variation:A Case Study of Suzhou City, Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(7): 622-631.

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煤炭资源型城市街尘重金属富集与时空变化特征:以宿州市为例

Enrichment of Heavy Metals in Dust on Streets of Cities With Economy Depending on Coal Mining and Its Spatio-Temporal Variation:A Case Study of Suzhou City, Anhui Province

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