洱海入湖河口湿地沉积物氨氮释放潜力研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0917

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 罗时江河口湿地运行10 a后，沉积物中N含量不断增加，存在较大释放风险。通过现场原位定点监测，探索上覆水、沉积物中N的时空分异特征；采用原柱样连续流动培养方法室内模拟5 d，研究湿地沉积物NH₄⁺-N释放通量变化规律及影响因素。结果表明：（1）湿地上覆水中ρ（TN）和ρ（NH₄⁺-N）较高，分别为3.11~5.13和0.32~0.62 mg·L^-1，自入水口向出水口呈递减趋势。表层沉积物w（TN）和w（NH₄⁺-N）分别为1 264.83~2 554.48和13.56~63.42 mg·kg^-1，呈入水口高于其他监测点的特点。（2）湿地沉积物的NH₄⁺-N释放通量为270.60~747.58 mg·m^-2·d^-1，平均为482.95 mg·m^-2·d^-1，湿地沉积物主要表现为NH₄⁺-N的"源"。在为期5 d的连续流动培养实验过程中，湿地沉积物NH₄⁺-N释放通量呈先减少再增加的趋势，在培养第3天时达到最低值。研究结果可为洱海流域人工恢复湿地设计、管理等提供科学依据。

关键词: 洱海, 河口湿地, 沉积物, NH₄⁺-N, 释放通量

Abstract: After running for ten years, the nitrogen content in the sediments of Luoshijiang Estuarine Wetland increased continuously, and there was great release risk. In order to explore the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen in the overlying water and sediment of the wetland, on-site investigation and monitoring were carried out. A 5-day laboratory simulation experiment was carried out by using the method of continuous flow culture of the original column samples to study the variation features and influencing factors of release flux of NH₄⁺-N in wetland sediments. The results show that: (1)The concentrations of TN and NH₄⁺-N were quite high and ranged from 3.11 to 5.13 and from 0.32 to 0.62 mg·L^-1, respectively, which both showed a decreasing trend from inlet to outlet of the wetland. The contents of TN and NH₄⁺-N in the surface sediments ranged from 1 264.83 to 2 554.48 and from 13.56 to 63.42 mg·kg^-1, respectively, which showed that the contents in inlet were higher than those in other monitoring points. (2)The release fluxes of NH₄⁺-N in the sediments of Luoshijiang Estuarine Wetland were in the range of 270.60 to 747.58 mg·m^-2·d^-1 with the average value of 482.95 mg·m^-2·d^-1, and the wetland sediments mainly acted as the release source of NH₄⁺-N. During the experiment of 5-day continuous flow cultivation, the release flux of NH₄⁺-N in wetland sediments showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and reached the lowest value on the third day of the experiment. The results could provide scientific basis for the design and management of artificial wetland restoration in Erhai Lake Catchment.

Key words: Erhai Lake, estuarine wetland, sediments, NH₄⁺-N, release fluxes

中图分类号:

X142

袁海英, 梁启斌, 侯磊, 陈鑫. 洱海入湖河口湿地沉积物氨氮释放潜力研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(6): 762-769.

YUAN Hai-ying, LIANG Qi-bin, HOU Lei, CHEN Xin. Research on the Release Potential of Ammonia in the Estuarine Wetland Sediments of Erhai Lake[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(6): 762-769.

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