有机与常规种植稻麦品质的比较研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前关于有机与常规耕作方式对水稻、小麦品质差异的影响研究较少。在太湖流域进行有机和常规种植方式下稻麦轮作田间试验，分析比较有机和常规水稻、小麦的营养品质和安全品质。其中，营养品质包括4种蛋白质、8种必需氨基酸、10种非必需氨基酸、矿质元素、维生素和黄酮类化合物，安全品质包括7种重金属和硝酸盐等。结果表明：有机水稻和小麦籽粒中蛋白质含量均显著低于常规种植方式（P<0.05），除胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸以及小麦籽粒中苏氨酸外，有机稻麦籽粒中必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均显著低于常规种植方式（P<0.05）；有机水稻籽粒中Cr、As含量和有机小麦籽粒中Cu、Cd、Zn含量均显著低于常规稻麦（P<0.05），特别是有机水稻籽粒中Cr、As含量分别比常规种植方式低42.41%和52.78%，有机小麦籽粒中Cd、Cu含量分别比常规种植方式低50.00%和18.42%。有机水稻、小麦籽粒中总黄酮含量高于常规稻麦，而有机水稻籽粒中硝酸盐含量则显著低于常规水稻（P<0.05）。以上结果表明与常规种植方式相比，有机种植方式能够显著提高稻麦的安全品质，但在营养品质上存在差异性。

关键词: 水稻, 小麦, 有机种植, 品质, 比较

Abstract:

Information about the effect of organic and conventional practice on the quality of rice and wheat was little known. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of organic and conventional rice and wheat rotation on nutritional quality including 4 kinds of protein, 8 kinds of essential amino acid, 10 kinds of non-essential amino acid, mineral elements, vitamins and total flavonoids, and the effects on safety quality including nitrate and 7 kinds of heavy metals. The results show that organic rice and wheat are significantly lower in protein contents (P<0.05) than conventional ones. Both the contents of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids of organic rice and wheat were significantly lower than conventional rice and wheat practice except for cystine, aspartic acid, tryptophan and methionine, and threonine in organic wheat (P<0.05). Organic crops had much lower heavy metal contents compared with conventional cultivation, especially for Cr and As contents in the rice grains which were 42.41% and 52.78% lower than those in the conventional ones, and the contents of Cd and Cu in organic wheat were 50.00% and 18.42% lower than those in conventional ones. Both rice and wheat from organic system contained higher flavonoids than that from conventional system, while nitrate content in organic rice is significantly lower than conventional rice (P<0.05). All the findings indicate that organic practice could produce more safety rice and wheat compared with conventional practice, but there are differences in nutritional quality between organic and conventional rice and wheat.

Key words: rice, wheat, organic farming, quality, comparison

中图分类号:

金淑, 席运官, 王磊, 陈秋会, 田伟, 杨育文. 有机与常规种植稻麦品质的比较研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(6): 571-576.

JIN Shu, XI Yun-guan, WANG Lei, CHEN Qiu-hui, TIAN Wei, YANG Yu-wen. A Comparison Study on Quality of Organic and Conventional Rice and Wheat[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(6): 571-576.

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