强化生物堆法修复多环芳烃污染土壤的初步研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.1057

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以多环芳烃（PAHs）污染场地土壤为研究对象，研究了不同工艺条件的生物堆反应器中PAHs降解效果，并通过对PAHs高效降解混菌的筛选富集，探讨菌液投加对生物堆技术处理PAHs污染土壤的强化修复作用效能。结果表明，生物堆运行过程中土壤pH和含水率基本保持稳定，总PAHs在9 d内快速降解，降解率达到80%以上，之后基本不变；生物堆在短期内（9 d）对低分子质量（2~3环）PAHs具有较高降解效率，达到91%；但中、高分子质量（4~6环）PAHs的降解效率只有60%，降解中、高分子质量PAHs可能需要更长时间。在试验期内添加表面活性剂、通风和投加PAHs降解菌液对总PAHs降解率均没有显著提升，但添加菌液后土壤脱氢酶活性大幅升高，投加菌液的3#和4#处理在80 d时脱氢酶活性较41 d时分别增加约7倍和9倍。PAHs降解菌液可能对PAHs降解中间产物的进一步矿化起到显著促进作用。添加表面活性剂并通风处理的脱氢酶活性更高，达到10 740 μg·g^-1·h^-1，说明其对中间产物降解的促进作用更大。该研究验证了生物堆技术在PAHs污染土壤修复中的有效性，并对比了不同强化措施对修复效果的影响，为该技术在PAHs污染场地修复中的应用提供了重要数据支撑。

关键词: 多环芳烃, 生物堆, 生物修复, 混合菌群, 表面活性剂

Abstract: Microbial technology is a promising method for removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil. The PAHs degradation efficiency in the biopile treated contaminated soil was studied. 4 biopiles were set up, the control group (1#), the sufactants Tween 80 added one (2#), the ventilated one (3#) and the one mixed with the sufactants Tween 80 and ventilated (4#). The results show that after 9 days, the total PAHs in all experimental groups decreased by more than 80%. The low molecular weight PAHs (2-3 rings) levels decreased the most (91%) after 9 days, yet the medium and high molecular weight PAHs (4-6 rings) levels may take longer time to be degraded, and only 60% was degraded. The removal rates of the medium and high molecular weight PAHs were not significantly promoted via adding surfactant or ventilating after 80 days treatment. At the 31 days, the 3# and 4# groups were both mixed with the indigenous bacterial consortium enriched from the studied contaminated soil. The microbial community, surfactant and ventilating did not significantly promote the PAHs degradation rate in the studied period (80 days), although the dehydrogenase activities at 80 days of the 3# and 4# groups increased 7-fold and 9-fold respectively as compared with 41 days. At the 80 days, the dehydrogenase activities of 4# group reached 10 740 μg·g^-1·h^-1. This study verified the effectiveness of biopile in treating PAHs contaminated soil, explored the different treatement strengthening strageties for improving the remediation effect of biopile on PHA contaminated soil, and provided important information for the application of biopile in remediation of PAHs contaminated sites.

Key words: PAHs, biopile, bioremediation, mixed bacteria, surfactant

中图分类号:

谢林培, 祝冲之, 张晓东, 余冉, 展漫军, 孙丽伟. 强化生物堆法修复多环芳烃污染土壤的初步研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 96-102.

XIE Lin-pei, ZHU Chong-zhi, ZHANG Xiao-dong, YU Ran, ZHAN Man-jun, SUN Li-wei. Preliminary Study on Remediation of PAH-contaminated Soil by Enhanced Biopile[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 96-102.

参考文献

[1] BOJES H K,POPE P G.Characterization of EPA's 16 Priority Pollutant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Tank Bottom Solids and Associated Contaminated Soils at Oil Exploration and Production Sites in Texas[J].Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,2007,47(3):288-295.
[2] 谭文捷,李宗良,丁爱中,等.土壤和地下水中多环芳烃生物降解研究进展[J].生态环境,2007,16(4):1310-1317.[TAN Wen-jie,LI Zong-liang,DING Ai-zhong,et al.Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil and Groundwater:A Review[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(4):1310-1317.]
[3] 刘志阳.多环芳烃污染土壤修复技术研究进展[J].污染防治技术,2015,28(3):19-21.[LIU Zhi-yang.Advances of the Remediation Technology of Soil Contaminated by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons[J].Pollution Control Technology,2015,28(3):19-21.]
[4] 陶雪琴,党志,卢桂宁,等.污染土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解及其机理研究进展[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(4):356-360.[TAO Xue-qin,DANG Zhi,LU Gui-ning,et al.Biodegradation Mechanism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil:A Review[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology and Geochemistry,2003,22(4):356-360.]
[5] 环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].(2014-04-07)[2019-12-31].http://www.gov.cn/foot/2014-04/17/content_2661768.htm.
[6] GB 36600-2018,土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].
[7] 张孝飞,林玉锁,邓绍坡,等.典型农药厂污染场地土壤中PAHs分布特征及来源分析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):390-397.[ZHANG Xiao-fei,LIN Yu-suo,DENG Shao-po,et al.Distribution and Sources of PAHs in Soil at the Site of a Former Typical Pesticide Plant[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(3):390-397.]
[8] 王飞.土壤多环芳烃污染修复技术的研究进展[J].环境与发展,2019,31(2):55-58.[WANG Fei.Review on the Research Progress of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Remediation Technology in Soil[J].Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection,2019,31(2):55-58.]
[9] 杨辉,王海霞,李晓军,等.多环芳烃污染土壤生物修复技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(3):1427-1429,1431.[YANG Hui,WANG Hai-xai,LI Xiao-jun,et al.Research Progress on the Bioremediation Technology of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contaminated Soil[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(3):1427-1429,1431.]
[10] KUPPUSAMY S,THAVAMANI P,VENKATESWARLU K,et al.Remediation Approaches for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contaminated Soils:Technological Constraints,Emerging Trends and Future Directions[J].Chemosphere,2017,168:944-968.
[11] GERHARDT K E,GERWING P D,GREENBERG B M.Opinion:Taking Phytoremediation from Proven Technology to Accepted Practice[J].Plant Science,2017,256:170-185.
[12] 陈敏婷.表面活性剂强化PAHs污染土壤微生物修复的研究进展[J].广东化工,2013,40(8):77-78.[CHEN Min-ting.Surfactant Strengthen PAHs Contaminated Soil Microbial Repair Research Progress[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2013,40(8):77-78.]
[13] LIANG X J,GUO C L,LIAO C J,et al.Drivers and Applications of Integrated Clean-up Technologies for Surfactant-enhanced Remediation of Environments Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,225:129-140.
[14] WANG L W,LI F,ZHAN Y,et al.Shifts in Microbial Community Structure During in Situ Surfactant-enhanced Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-contaminated Soil[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2016,23(14):14451-14461.
[15] LAMICHHANE S,BAL KRISHNA K C,SARUKKALIGE R.Surfactant-enhanced Remediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:A Review[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2017,199:46-61.
[16] CHENG M,ZENG G M,HUANG D L,et al.Advantages and Challenges of Tween 80 Surfactant-enhanced Technologies for the Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Compounds[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,314:98-113.
[17] 蒋幕贤,葛宇翔,黄晓峰.生物堆修复多环芳烃类污染土壤研究进展及工业化应用初试[J].环境与发展,2016,28(4):58-63,70.[JIANG Mu-xian,GE Yu-xiang,HUANG Xiao-feng.Advances in Research of PAHs Contaminated Soil Remediation by Biopiles and Industrialized-scale Application[J].Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection,2016,28(4):58-63,70.]
[18] 金赞芳,陈英旭.环境的PAHs污染及其生物修复技术研究进展[J].农业环境保护,2001(2):123-125.[JIN Zan-fang,CHEN Ying-xu.Pollution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Environment and Its Bioremediation[J].Agro-environmental Protection,2001(2):123-125.]
[19] 田华,刘哲,赵璐,等.土壤中多环芳烃菲的自然降解特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(8):4055-4060.[TIAN Hua,LIU Zhe,ZHAO Lu,et al.Natural Degradation Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Phenanthrene in Soil[J].Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control,2015,9(8):4055-4060.]
[20] 胡广军,梁成华,李培军,等.固定化微生物对多环芳烃污染土壤的降解[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(5):745-750.[HU Guang-jun,LIANG Cheng-hua,LI Pei-jun,et al.Degradation of Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Immobilized Microbes[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(5):745-750.]
[21] 陈海英,丁爱中,豆俊峰,等.混合菌降解土壤中多环芳烃的试验研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(6):1111-1116.[CHEN Hai-ying,DING Ai-zhong,DOU Jun-feng,et al.PAHs Biodegradation in Soil by Inoculation of Isolated Microorganisms[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2010,29(6):1111-1116.]
[22] MACLEOD C J A,SEMPLE K T.The Adaptation of Two Similar Soils to Pyrene Catabolism[J].Environmental Pollution,2002,119(3):357-364.
[23] RHODES A H,HOFMAN J,SEMPLE K T.Development of Phenanthrene Catabolism in Natural and Artificial Soils[J].Environmental Pollution,2008,152(2):424-430.
[24] LIANG L,SONG X H,KONG J,et al.Anaerobic Biodegradation of High-molecular-weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Facultative Anaerobe Pseudomonas sp. JP1[J].Biodegradation,2014,25(6):825-833.
[25] QIN W,ZHU Y,FAN F Q,et al.Biodegradation of Benzo (a) Pyrene by Microbacterium sp. Strain under Denitrification:Degradation Pathway and Effects of Limiting Electron Acceptors or Carbon Source[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2017,121:131-138.
[26] QIN W,FAN F Q,ZHU Y,et al.Comparative Proteomic Analysis and Characterization of Benzo (a) Pyrene Removal by Microbacterium sp. Strain M.CSW3 Under Denitrifying Conditions[J].Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering,2017,40(12):1825-1838.
[27] 邹德勋,骆永明,徐凤花,等.土壤环境中多环芳烃的微生物降解及联合生物修复[J].土壤,2007,39(3):334-340.[ZOU De-xun,LUO Yong-ming,XU Feng-hua,et al.Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Environment and Combined Bioremediation of PAHs Contaminated Soils[J].Soils,2007,39(3):334-340.]
[28] 黄健,李春玉,刘济宁,等.生物堆模拟法修复苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽污染土壤[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(2):221-224.[HUANG Jian,LI Chun-yu,LIU Ji-ning,et al.Simulated Bioremediation of BaP&DBA Contaminated Soil[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(2):221-224.]
[29] 李广贺,张旭,卢晓霞.土壤残油生物降解性与微生物活性[J].地球科学,2002,27(2):181-185.[LI Guang-he,ZHANG Xu,LU Xiao-xia.Biodegradation of Residual Petrochemicals and Micro-bial Activities in Polluted Soil[J].Earth Science,2002,27(2):181-185.]
[30] MALLICK S,CHAKRABORTY J,DUTTA T K.Role of Oxygenases in Guiding Diverse Metabolic Pathways in the Bacterial Degradation of Low-molecular-weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons:A Review[J].Critical Reviews in Microbiology,2011,37(1):64-90.
[31] TSAI J C,KUMAR M,LIN J G.Anaerobic Biotransformation of Fluorene and Phenanthrene by Sulfate-reducing Bacteria and Identification of Biotransformation Pathway[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,164(2/3):847-855.
[32] WANG W P,WANG L,SHAO Z Z.Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Degradation Pathways of the Obligate Marine PAH Degrader Cycloclasticus sp.Strain P1[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2018,84(21):01261-18.DOI:10.1128/aem.01261-18.
[33] PENG T,KAN J,HU J,et al.Genes and Novel sRNAs Involved in PAHs Degradation in Marine Bacteria Rhodococcus sp.P14 Revealed by the Genome and Transcriptome Analysis[J].3 Biotech,2020,10(3):140.DOI:10.1007/s13205-020-2133-6.