筑坝截流对黑河上中游大型底栖动物群落结构及物种多样性的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0066

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨内陆河梯级水库建设对河流水生态环境的影响，于2018年7-8月对黑河上中游（库区及自然河道）的底栖动物进行采样调查，依据生物多样性指数、优势度指数并结合丰度/生物量比较（ABC）曲线法分析梯级水库建设等人类活动对底栖动物群落结构及多样性的影响。结果表明：共采集到底栖动物43种，节肢动物占76.75%，软体动物占18.60%，环节动物占4.65%；物种数及多样性表现出明显的空间差异，自然河段显著高于库坝区，库区以静水型物种为主。ABC曲线分析显示，库区生境因梯级水库建设的影响渐趋单一化，物种逐渐由河流型向水库静水型演替；坝下游河段受尾水扰动的影响，物种组成及多样性均趋于下降；而中游自然河段沿途工农业和生活产生的污水直接或间接注入河流，加剧了河流的污染程度，致使中游水体有机质、营养盐浓度显著上升，栖境异质性相对较高，物种组成丰富，主要以耐污型占优势。此外，海拔、水温等气候因素也是影响底栖动物群落分布的关键因素。

关键词: 大型底栖动物, 群落结构, 物种多样性, 梯级水库, 黑河

Abstract: To explore the impact of the construction of cascade reservoir on water ecological environment in inland river, macrozoobenthos of the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River (reservoir area and natural river) were investigated from July to August in 2018. In terms of biodiversity index, dominance index and ABC comparative curve, the community and diversity of macrozoobenthos and its response relationship with human activities such as hydro-power cascade construction were analyzed. The results indicate that 43 species of macrozoobenthos were collected, of which 76.75% belong to arthropods, 18.60% belong to molluscs, and 4.65% belong to annelids, and significant spatial differences of the species number and diversity were found, with the values in natural river section significantly higher than those of the reservoir area. In addition, the reservoir area was dominated by static water species. ABC curve analysis show that the habitat in cascade reservoir area gradually became simplified due to the influence of cascade reservoir construction, with the species succession turned gradually from the river type to the static water type of the reservoir. The reaches of the river below the dam were influenced by the disturbance of tail water, where the species composition and diversity of macrozoobenthos showed a decreasing trend. In the middle natural river reaches, as the sewage produced by industry, agriculture and domestic life was directly or indirectly injected into the river, the pollution degree of the river was therefore aggravated, and the concentration of organic matter and nutrients increased significantly, the habitat heterogeneity were improved, the species composition was rich, showing the pollution-resistant dominant type. In addition, climate factors, such as altitude and water temperature were also the key factors affecting the distribution of macrozoobenthos community.

Key words: macrozoobenthos, community structure, species diversity, cascade reservoir, Heihe River

中图分类号:

X820.2

王昱, 李宝龙, 冯起, 刘蔚, 王之君, 刘娟娟, 左一锋. 筑坝截流对黑河上中游大型底栖动物群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(10): 1309-1317.

WANG Yu, LI Bao-long, FENG Qi, LIU Wei, WANG Zhi-jun, LIU Juan-juan, ZUO Yi-feng. Effects of Dam Construction on Macrozoobenthos Community Structure and Species Diversity in the Upper and Middle Reaches of Heihe River[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(10): 1309-1317.

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