复合芽孢杆菌对鲫鱼养殖水体水质及细菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0573

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为寻找对养殖水体降解效果更好的菌株，以巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium，简称A0）、凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans，简称BC）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis，简称BS）为研究对象，探究了复合芽孢杆菌A0+BC、A0+BS对鲫鱼（Carassius aumtus）养殖水体营养盐N、P的改善效果，并采用高通量测序分析细菌群落结构变化，结果显示：复合芽孢杆菌A0+BS对NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N、TP降解效果最显著，降解率分别达46.3%、76.3%、35.6%、80.3%；复合芽孢杆菌A0+BC对TP没有降解效果。7 d水样的高通量测序结果与对照（CK）相比，处理组微生物多样性增加，且A0+BS组微生物多样性最高；处理组厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）减少，变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线细菌门（Actinobacteria）增加，且A0+BS组放线细菌门相对丰度最高。对照组优势菌主要为赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属（Lysinibacillus）、土壤芽孢杆菌属（Solibacillus）、血液杆菌属（Haematobacter）；处理组优势菌丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonas）为异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌；A0+BC组其他优势菌不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）均为致病菌；A0+BS组其他优势菌硝化杆菌属（Bosea）、Dokdonella属均为脱氮菌。复合芽孢杆菌A0+BS脱氮除磷效果最佳，且水体TP、NH₄⁺-N浓度符合GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅲ级标准；投加芽孢杆菌对养殖水体微生物群落结构进行调控，养殖水体水质得到改善。

关键词: 复合芽孢杆菌, 鲫鱼, 水质, 高通量测序, 细菌群落结构

Abstract: Bacillus megaterium (A0), Bacillus coagulans (BC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) were compared for their degradation effects on aquaculture water. The effects of the combination of A0+BC and A0+BS on N and P concentrations and bacterial community structure in carp culture water were studied. The results show that the degradation effects of A0+BS on NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N and TP were the most significant, and the degradation rates were 46.3%, 76.3%, 35.6% and 80.3%, respectively. The concentration of TP and NH₄⁺-N conformed to the 3rd grade of National Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard. The concentration of TP in group A0+BC was always higher than that in CK. This result suggests that the combination of A0 and BS had synergistic effect on the removal of NH₄⁺-N, NO₂^--N, NO₃^--N, TP, and previous studies show that Bacillus coagulans had no degradation effect on TP. The microbial communities were profiled by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. The results show that the microbial community diversity in the A0+BS group was the highest. In addition, adding Bacillus complex in aquaculture water reduced the number of Bacteroidets, increased Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the A0+BS group was the highest. Lysinibacillus, Solibacillus and Haematobacter were mainly dominant bacterias in the CK group. The dominant strain was Comamonas belonging to heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifying bacteria in A0+BC and A0+BS group. Other dominant bacteria in A0+BC group Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were pathogenic bacteria. In A0+BS group dominant bacteria Bosea and Dokdonella were denitrifying bacteria. A0+BS regulated the microbial community structure in the aquaculture water, which improved the water quality of the aquaculture water.

Key words: Bacillus complex, Carassius aumtus, water quality, high-throughput sequencing, bacterial community structure

中图分类号:

X172

李雪, 刘述凤, 鄢雨朦, 张润洁, 王天杰, 付保荣. 复合芽孢杆菌对鲫鱼养殖水体水质及细菌群落结构的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(4): 522-530.

LI Xue, LIU Shu-feng, YAN Yu-meng, ZHANG Run-jie, WANG Tian-jie, FU Bao-rong. Effect of Bacillus Complex on Water Quality and Bacterial Community Structure of Carassius aumtus Culture Water[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(4): 522-530.

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