pH对高原山地农村沟渠底泥氮形态及氨氮释放通量影响模拟研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0553

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 山地农村沟渠底泥中氮释放污染已成为影响农村沟渠水环境的重要因素，而上覆水pH变化对沟渠底泥中氨氮释放和氮形态转化具有潜在影响。通过室内模拟试验，设置未灭菌和灭菌处理，上覆水pH分别为5.5、7.5、9.5和11.5的环境条件，分析滇池上游典型高原山地农村沟渠底泥中氮形态转化规律，估算底泥-水界面氨氮释放通量。结果表明：（1）底泥中各形态氮含量由高到低依次为强氧化剂浸取态氮（SOEF-N） > 离子交换态氮（IEF-N） > 弱酸浸取态氮（WAEF-N） > 强碱浸取态氮（SAEF-N），其中IEF-N、SAEF-N和SOEF-N含量均随pH增加呈减小趋势，而WAEF-N含量则随pH增加而增加，同一pH条件下灭菌和未灭菌处理对农村沟渠底泥中氮形态转化无显著影响。（2）酸性（pH=5.5）和强碱性（pH=11.5）条件下上覆水氨氮浓度和释放通量均显著高于pH=7.5和9.5条件，酸性和强碱条件下未灭菌处理氨氮释放通量分别为pH=7.5条件下的8和6倍，而灭菌处理均为2倍。（3）冗余分析结果表明，酸性条件下pH与IEF-N呈正相关，而与SAEF-N、SOEF-N和WAEF-N呈负相关；pH=7.5时pH与IEF-N、SOEF-N和SAEF-N相关性较差；偏碱性（pH≥9.5）条件下pH与TN、WAEF-N呈正相关，与SAEF-N、SOEF-N和IEF-N呈负相关，而DO和Eh与TN和IEF-N呈正相关。上述结果表明偏酸性和强碱性条件下高原山地农村沟渠底泥中氮释放能力最强，pH=7.5条件下氮释放最弱；而酸性和强碱性条件下微生物会促进上覆水氨氮浓度和氨氮释放通量增加，pH=7.5和9.5条件下氨氮浓度则减小，研究结果可为完善农村沟渠生态环境治理提供一定科学依据。

关键词: pH, 高原山地农村, 氮形态, 氨氮, 沟渠底泥, 释放通量, 微生物

Abstract: Nitrogen release from ditch sediments in mountainous rural areas induces pollution to water environment of rural ditches, which is affected by changes in overlying water pH values. In this study, indoor simulation experiments with and without sterilization of the sediments and with pH values of the overlying water as 5.5, 7.5, 9.5, and 11.5 were conducted to analyze nitrogen transformation in sediments and ammonia nitrogen release flux at sediment-water interface in typical plateau mountainous rural ditches in the upper reaches of Dianchi Lake. The results show that: (1) Sediment nitrogen content of various forms is in the order of strong oxidant leaching nitrogen (SOEF-N) > ion exchange nitrogen (IEF-N) > weak acid leaching nitrogen (WAEF-N) > strong alkali leaching Nitrogen (SAEF-N). The IEF-N, SAEF-N and SOEF-N contents were decreased while WAEF-N content was increased with the increasing of pH. There is no significant difference between sterilization and non-sterilization of the sediments on nitrogen transformation in rural ditches at the same pH value. (2) The ammonia nitrogen concentration and release flux in the overlying water at acidic (pH=5.5) and strong alkali (pH=11.5) conditions were significantly higher than those at pH=7.5 and 9.5. The ammonia nitrogen release flux in acid and strong alkali conditions without sterilization was 8- and 6-times of that at pH=7.5, while it is 2 times of that at pH=7.5 with sterilization. (3) RDA shows that pH value was positively correlated with IEF-N while negatively correlated with SAEF-N, SOEF-N and WAEF-N under acidic conditions. There is no correlation between pH value and IEF-N, SOEF-N, SAEF-N at pH=7.5, while positively correlated with TN, WAEF-N (pH≥9.5) and negatively correlated with SAEF-N, SOEF-N, IEF-N at alkaline conditions. Besides, DO and Eh are positively correlated with TN and IEF-N. This indicates that the nitrogen release capacity of the sadiments is the strongest in the plateau and mountainous rural ditches under acidic and strong alkaline conditions, while the weakest under pH=7.5. However, under acidic and strong alkali conditions, microorganisms could increase ammonia nitrogen concentration and the flux in overlying water, which was decreased at pH=7.5 and 9.5. The results of the study can provide scientific bases for the improvement of the ecological environment management of rural ditches.

Key words: pH, plateau mountainous countryside, nitrogen form, ammonia nitrogen, ditch sediment, diffusion flux, microorganism

中图分类号:

龚云辉, 刘云根, 王妍, 杨思林, 刘鹏, 张晋龙. pH对高原山地农村沟渠底泥氮形态及氨氮释放通量影响模拟研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(3): 378-386.

GONG Yun-hui, LIU Yun-gen, WANG Yan, YANG Si-lin, LIU Peng, ZHANG Jin-long. Effect of pH on Nitrogen Forms and Ammonia Nitrogen Release Flux in the Bottom Muddy of Plateau Rural Ditches[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(3): 378-386.

参考文献

[1] WANG P F,YAO Y,WANG C,et al.Impact of Macrozoobenthic Bioturbation and Wind Fluctuation Interactions on Net Methylmercury in Freshwater Lakes[J].Water Research,2017,124:320-330.
[2] NI Z K,WANG S R.Historical Accumulation and Environmental Risk of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Sediments of Erhai Lake,Southwest China[J].Ecological Engineering,2015,79:42-53.
[3] 王雯雯,王书航,姜霞,等.蠡湖沉积物不同形态氮赋存特征及其释放潜力[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):292-301.[WANG Wen-wen,WANG Shu-hang,JIANG Xia,et al.Occurrence Characteristics and Release Potential of Nitrogen Fractions in Sediment of Lihu Lake[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):292-301.]
[4] 王政,赵林,李鑫,等.不同时间尺度下湖泊氮素内源释放强度影响因素的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(12):2542-2547.[WANG Zheng,ZHAO Lin,LI Xin,et al.The Factors Affecting the Intensity of Lake Endogenous Nitrogen Release under the Conditions of Different Time Scales[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2011,30(12):2542-2547.]
[5] 王若冰,赵钰,单保庆,等.海河流域典型重污染河流滏阳河沉积物氨化和硝化速率研究[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):858-866.[WANG Ruo-bing,ZHAO Yu,SHAN Bao-qing,et al.Ammonification and Nitrification Rates in Sediment of Typical Heavy Polluted River (Fuyang River) in the Haihe River Basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(3):858-866.]
[6] 沈洪艳,张绵绵,倪兆奎,等.鄱阳湖沉积物可转化态氮分布特征及其对江湖关系变化的响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):87-93.[SHEN Hong-yan,ZHANG Mian-mian,NI Zhao-kui,et al.Distribution of Transferable Nitrogen in Poyang Lake Sediments and Its Response to the Variation of River-lake Relationship[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(1):87-93.]
[7] 梁淑轩,贾艳乐,闫信,等.pH值对白洋淀沉积物氮磷释放的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(36):20859-20862.[LIANG Shu-xuan,JIA Yan-le,YAN Xin,et al.Effect of the pH Value on the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from the Sediment Baiyangdian[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2010,38(36):20859-20862.]
[8] 李家兵,张党玉,吴春山,等.pH对闽江河口湿地沉积物氮素转化关键过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):272-278.[LI Jia-bing,ZHANG Dang-yu,WU Chun-shan,et al.Effects of pH on the Key Nitrogen Transformation Processes of the Wetland Sediment in the Min River Estuary[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(1):272-278.]
[9] MOUDIONGUI A,RINAUDO G.Effect ofAmmonium Nitrate on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation (Acetylene Reduction) of the Tropical Legume Sesbania rostrata[J].MIRCEN Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1987,3(3):235-241.
[10] ZHU W X,EHRENFELD J G.Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Suburban and Undeveloped Atlantic White Cedar Wetlands[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(2):523-529.
[11] 梅涵一,刘云根,郑寒,等.普者黑流域畜禽养殖型农村沟渠底泥磷形态分布特征及风险评价[J].土壤通报,2017,48(1):195-201.[MEI Han-yi,LIU Yun-gen,ZHENG Han,et al.Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Phosphorus Speciation in Livestock Rural Ditch Sediments of Puzhehei Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2017,48(1):195-201.]
[12] 梅涵一,刘云根,郑寒,等.云南分散畜禽养殖密集型农村污水特征及污染风险评价[J].环境工程,2016,34(7):46-51.[MEI Han-yi,LIU Yun-gen,ZHENG Han,et al.Characteristics of Sewage Pollution and Environmental Risk Assessment of Dispersion Livestock Intensive Village in Yunnan[J].Environmental Engineering,2016,34(7):46-51.]
[13] 国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:239-284.
[14] 马红波,宋金明,吕晓霞,等.渤海沉积物中氮的形态及其在循环中的作用[J].地球化学,2003(1):48-54.[MA Hong-bo,SONG Jin-ming,LÜ Xiao-xia,et al.Nitrogen Forms and Their Functions in Recycling of the Bohai Sea Sediments[J].Geochimica,2003(1):48-54.]
[15] 张红,陈敬安,王敬富,等.贵州红枫湖底泥磷释放的模拟实验研究[J].地球与环境,2015,43(2):243-251.[ZHANG Hong,CHEN Jing-an,WANG Jing-fu,et al.A Simulation Study on the Release of Phosphorus from Sediments in Lake Hongfeng,Guizhou Province,China[J].Earth and Environment,2015,43(2):243-251.]
[16] 王敬富,陈敬安,罗婧,等.红枫湖沉积物内源磷释放通量估算方法的对比研究[J].地球与环境,2018,46(1):1-6.[WANG Jing-fu,CHEN Jing-an,LUO Jing,et al.Comparative Study on Quantitative Estimations of Phosphorus Release Flux from Sediments of Lake Hongfeng,Guizhou Province,China[J].Earth and Environment,2018,46(1):1-6.]
[17] 王圣瑞.湖泊沉积物-水界面过程:基本理论与常用测定方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2014:58-84.
[18] 张硕,王功芹,朱珠,等.海州湾表层沉积物中不同形态氮季节性赋存特征[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1336-1341.[ZHANG Shuo,WANG Gong-qin,ZHU Zhu,et al.Seasonal Changes of Nitrogen Forms in the Surface Sediments of Haizhou Bay[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2015,24(8):1336-1341.]
[19] 龚丽玲,王丹阳,瞿畏,等.干挖法清淤对南汉垸内沟渠沉积物中氮形态和氨氮扩散通量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(12):2826-2834.[GONG Li-ling,WANG Dan-yang,QU Wei,et al.Effects of Dry Excavation Dredging on the Nitrogen Species and Diffusion Flux of Ammonia Nitrogen in the Sediments of Ditches in the Nanhan Embankment,China[J].Journal of Agro-environment Science,2019,38(12):2826-2834.]
[20] LÓPEZ-TARAZÓN J A,LÓPEZ P,LOBERA G,et al.Suspended Sediment,Carbon and Nitrogen Transport in a Regulated Pyrenean River[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,540:133-143.
[21] 吴胜利,夏品华,林陶,等.贵州草海不同水位梯度下沉积物氮赋存形态及分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2019,31(2):407-415.[WU Sheng-li,XIA Pin-hua,LIN Tao,et al.Contents and Distribution Characteristics of Nitrogen Forms in Sediments of Guizhou Lake Caohai under Different Water Level Levels[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2019,31(2):407-415.]
[22] 徐徽,张路,商景阁,等.太湖水土界面氮磷释放通量的流动培养研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(4):66-71.[XU Hui,ZHANG Lu,SHANG Jing-ge,et al.Study on Ammonium and Phosphate Fluxes at the Sediment-water Interface of Lake Taihu Using Flow-through Incubation[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2009,25(4):66-71.]
[23] 刘福兴,陈桂发,付子轼,等.不同构造生态沟渠的农田面源污染物处理能力及实际应用效果[J].生态与农村环境学报,2019,35(6):787-794.[LIU Fu-xing,CHEN Gui-fa,FU Zi-shi,et al.Comparison on Effects of Practical Application of Ecological Ditches with Different Construction in Treating Agricultural Non-point Pollutants[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2019,35(6):787-794.]
[24] 赵海超,王圣瑞,焦立新,等.洱海沉积物中不同形态氮的时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):235-242.[ZHAO Hai-chao,WANG Sheng-rui,JIAO Li-xin,et al.Characteristics of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of the Nitrogen Forms in the Sediments of Erhai Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):235-242.]
[25] 李欣,宋林旭,纪道斌,等.春季敏感时期三峡水库典型支流沉积物-水界面氮释放特性[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1113-1121.[LI Xin,SONG Lin-xu,JI Dao-bin,et al.Characteristics of Nitrogen Release at the Sediment-water Interface in the Typical Tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the Sensitive Period in Spring[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1113-1121.]
[26] 朱晓声,郭小娟,王耀耀,等.梯级水库建设对怒江与澜沧江沉积物氮形态分布的影响[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(7):2990-2998.[ZHU Xiao-sheng,GUO Xiao-juan,WANG Yao-yao,et al.Effect of Cascade Reservoir Construction on Nitrogen Distribution in Sediments of Nujiang River and Lancang River[J].China Environmental Science,2019,39(7):2990-2998.]
[27] 曹竞雄,韦梦,陈孟次,等.温度对厌氧条件下不同pH水稻土氮素矿化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(10):1182-1189.[CAO Jing-xiong,WEI Meng,CHEN Meng-ci,et al.Effects of Temperature on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization in Different pH Paddy Soils under Anaerobic Condition[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2014,22(10):1182-1189.]
[28] JUNG J,YEOM J,HAN J,et al.Seasonal Changes in Nitrogen-Cycle Gene Abundances and in Bacterial Communities in Acidic Forest Soils[J].Journal of Microbiology,2012,50(3):365-373.
[29] BANK T L,KUKKADAPU R K,MADDEN A S,et al.Effects of Gamma-sterilization on the Physico-chemical Properties of Natural Sediments[J].Chemical Geology,2008,251(1/2/3/4):1-7.
[30] SPARLING G P,WHALE K N,RAMSAY A J.Quantifying the Contribution from the Soil Microbail Biomass to the Extractable P Levels of Fresh and Air-dried Soils[J].Soil Research,1985,23(4):613-621.
[31] LI H,SONG C L,CAO X Y,et al.The Phosphorus Release Pathways and Their Mechanisms Driven by Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Sediments of Eutrophic Shallow Lakes[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,572:280-288.
[32] CHEN G Y,CAO X Y,SONG C L,et al.Adverse Effects of Ammonia on Nitrification Process:The Case of Chinese Shallow Freshwater Lakes[J].Water,Air,& Soil Pollution,2010,210(1/2/3/4):297-306.
[33] 张文斌,董昭皆,徐书童,等.微生物和藻类分解对荣成天鹅湖沉积物氮磷释放的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2019,38(4):561-567.[ZHANG Wen-bin,DONG Zhao-jie,XU Shu-tong,et al.Effects of Microorganism and Algal Decomposition on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Release from the Sediments in Rongcheng Swan Lake[J].Marine Environmental Science,2019,38(4):561-567.]
[34] 李宝,丁士明,范成新,等.滇池福保湾底泥内源氮磷营养盐释放通量估算[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):114-120.[LI Bao,DING Shi-ming,FAN Cheng-xin,et al.Estimation of Releasing Fluxes of Sediment Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Fubao Bay in Dianchi Lake[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):114-120.]
[35] 刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1258-1264.[LIU Cheng,SHAO Shi-guang,FAN Cheng-xin,et al.Distribution and Release Risk of Nutrients in the Sediments of Heavily Polluted Confluence Bay of Chaohu Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(11):1258-1264.]
[36] 袁海英,梁启斌,侯磊,等.洱海入湖河口湿地沉积物氨氮释放潜力研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2020,36(6):762-769.[YUAN Hai-ying,LIANG Qi-bin,HOU Lei,et al.Research on the Release Potential of Ammonia in the Estuarine Wetland Sediments of Erhai Lake[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2020,36(6):762-769.]
[37] 卢俊平,贾永芹,张晓晶,等.上覆水环境变化对底泥释氮强度影响模拟研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(10):924-929.[LU Jun-ping,JIA Yong-qin,ZHANG Xiao-jing,et al.Simulation Study on Influence of Change of Overlying Water Environment on Nitrogen Release Intensity of Sediment[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(10):924-929.]