湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性的时空格局

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0902

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物多样性具有多维度性和尺度效应，需要从不同的时间尺度和空间尺度进行分析。笔者以壶瓶山国家级自然保护区为研究对象，对2016-2017年壶瓶山保护区不同区域的鸟类多样性水平进行了评估。2 a共调查到110种鸟类，占湖南省鸟类资源总数的25.11%。以月份为单位分别计算2 a中各站点α多样性指数以及整个保护区的β多样性指数，按季节计算不同海拔高度鸟类的Bray-Curtis多样性系数，比较鸟类组成的多样性。α多样性结果显示，保护区不同站点间、不同海拔段鸟类多样性存在显著差异（站点间差异：F_7，88=7.549，P=0.000 9；海拔段间差异：F_4，91=24.849，P<0.000 1），海拔最高的站点鸟类多样性水平显著较高。不同站点间物种组成有显著的季节差异（F_3，92=4.189，P=0.008 2），春季鸟类α多样性水平最高而冬季较低。β多样性结果显示，整个保护区在季节上存在显著差异（F_3，20=4.187，P=0.019 6），夏季鸟类β多样性指数最高。Bray-Curtis相异系数结果显示，各海拔段之间的物种组成相异性与季节没有显著关系（F_3，36=1.064，P=0.376 2），说明无论是哪个季节，每个海拔段都拥有相对稳定的物种结构。生物多样性监测是生物多样性保护中非常重要的基础性工作，该研究结果显示鸟类组成存在一定的空间和时间差异，但不同季节各海拔段的鸟类组成结构相对稳定，体现了鸟类多样性在空间与时间上的独立性。

关键词: 鸟类, α多样性, β多样性, 海拔段, 壶瓶山

Abstract: Biodiversity is multidimensional and scale-affected, therefore necessitating the analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of birds. To analyze the composition and dynamic of birds in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve and, thus, to fully understand the spatial and temporal patterns of avian distribution, avian diversity in different areas within the Reserve from 2016 to 2017 was assessed. A total of 110 avian species were recorded during the study period, accounting for 25.11% of the total avian species in Hunan Province. To analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of birds in the Reserve, both the alpha diversity index of each monitoring station and beta diversity index of the entire reserve were calculated by month. The variations between different stations, months, seasons, and years were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Next, the Bray-Curtis index of species composition of each altitude section was calculated by season to compare the dissimilarity. Results show that there were significant differences in bird diversity among different monitoring stations (F_7,88=7.549, P=0.000 9) and altitudes (F_4,91=24.849, P<0.000 1). In addition, the species compositions were significantly different seasonally among different monitoring stations (F_3,92=4.189 2, P=0.008 2). In particular, the avian diversity had a significantly high level in the highest-altitude section. The alpha diversity was highest in spring and lowest in winter, owing to more larva being available for birds to eat in spring, and fewer food resources in winter. The beta diversity shows that there are significant seasonal differences in the entire reserve (F_3,20=4.186 7, P=0.019 6). The Bray-Curtis index showed that the composition of birds has no significant correlation between seasons (F_3,36=1.064 5, P=0.376 2), indicating that, irrespective of season, each altitude section has its own relatively stable species structure. Biodiversity monitoring is a basic work for protecting biodiversity. The results of this study show that there are certain spatial and temporal differences in bird composition, but the composition of birds in each season and altitude is relatively stable. It reflects the relative independence of bird diversity difference with space and time. This research can provide a basis for the monitoring and protection of biodiversity, which is of great significance in protecting and maintaining the overall ecosystem.

Key words: bird, α diversity, β diversity, altitude, Hupingshan

中图分类号:

蒋博文, 贺春容, 廖庆义, 康祖杰, 文哲, 田书荣. 湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性的时空格局[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(8): 1050-1058.

JIANG Bo-wen, HE Chun-rong, LIAO Qing-yi, KANG Zu-jie, WEN Zhe, TIAN Shu-rong. Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Avian Diversity in Hupingshan National Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(8): 1050-1058.

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