平原河网区浅水湖泊生态安全评估与时空差异性分析:以江苏省白马湖为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0183

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为剖析平原河网区浅水湖泊生态系统存在的问题及其关键影响因素，推动我国湖泊生态环境保护与管理更加科学化、精准化发展，选取白马湖为典型研究对象，基于驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应（DPSIR）模型及湖泊生态安全综合评估方法（"4+1"评估方法），建立了白马湖水生态安全评估指标体系，探究了白马湖生态安全水平、时空差异性及其影响因素。结果表明，白马湖生态安全状况整体改善明显，生态安全指数（ESI）由2013年的66.70上升为2018年的74.79，达到"较安全"状态，但生态系统内部难以快速调节到平衡状态，水生态健康状况改善具有明显的延迟性；白马湖生态安全水平由南向北逐渐下降，北部湖区ESI为68.36，生态状况处于"一般安全"状态，而南部湖区ESI为82.78，生态状况处于"较安全"状态。研究显示，影响白马湖生态安全水平的主要因素为上游区域污染负荷、入湖河流水质状况、流域水源涵养和污染拦截净化功能，导致白马湖生态安全状况持续恶化的根本原因是过度的人类活动干扰。浅水湖泊保护与管理的首要任务是将外部干扰因素控制在湖泊及其流域可承载范围之内。

关键词: 浅水湖泊, 生态安全, 评估方法, 时空差异, 影响因素

Abstract: In order to analyze the problems and influencing factors of shallow lake ecosystem, and to promote the protection and management of lake ecological environment more scientifically and precisely, Baima Lake was taken as a typical case and an index system was established for the evaluation of ecological security of lakes in plain water network area based on the Diring force-Presure-Status-Influence-Response (DPSIR) model and the comprehensive assessment method of lake ecological security ("4+1" assessment methodology framework). Meanwhile, the ecological security status, spatio-temporal difference and their affecting factors were also investigated, and the results show that the ecological security situation of Baima Lake was improved in the last few years, with the ESI (Ecological Security Index) rose from 66.70 in 2013 to 74.79 in 2018, which was at comprehensive safety degree. However, it was difficult to make quick balance within the ecosystem, and the improvement of water ecological health had an obvious delay. The whole ecological security status was ranked as in the "General State" level with a trend of gradually declining from south (ESI 82.78) to north (ESI 68.36). The correlation analysis results indicate that the main factors affecting the ecological security level were the pollution load from the upper reaches of the basin, the water quality of inflow rivers, the function of water conservation and the ability of pollution interception and purification. While the high interference of human activities were the fundamental reasons which caused the progressive deterioration of ecological security status in Baima Lake. Therefore, the primary task for the protection and management of shallow lakes is to control the external disturbance factors within the carrying capacity of lake basin.

Key words: shallow lake, ecological security, assessment methodology, spatio-temporal difference, affecting factors

中图分类号:

柴丽娜, 张磊, 孙兆海, 于洋, 蒋晓威, 李盈语. 平原河网区浅水湖泊生态安全评估与时空差异性分析:以江苏省白马湖为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(12): 1559-1567.

CHAI Li-na, ZHANG Lei, SUN Zhao-hai, YU Yang, JIANG Xiao-wei, LI Ying-yu. Ecological Security Evaluation and Spatio-temporal Difference Analysis of Shallow Lakes in Plain River Network Area: A Case Study of Baima Lake[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(12): 1559-1567.

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