基于生态足迹模型的贵州省仁怀市可持续发展及其影响因素研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0880

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究仁怀市生态承载力变化特征，筛选影响可持续发展的关键因素，基于生态足迹模型分析了2010-2018年贵州仁怀市人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力及生态盈亏，同时选择生态足迹指数、生态压力指数、生态协调系数和万元GDP生态足迹4项指数和6项因子对仁怀市可持续发展状况与影响因素进行研究。结果表明，2010-2018年仁怀市处于生态赤字状态，人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力均呈先降后升趋势，人均生态足迹由1.5 hm²·人^-1升至1.8 hm²·人^-1，增幅为20%，人均生态承载力由0.94 hm²·人^-1升至1.08 hm²·人^-1，增幅为14.89%；仁怀市人均生态足迹和人均生态承载力分别以耕地和林地贡献为主，分别占人均生态足迹的81%和人均生态承载力的79%；仁怀市生态足迹指数为-76.96%~-59.22%，生态压力指数为1.59~1.77，生态足迹指数和生态压力指数分别处于第3和第5等级，区域可持续发展存在挑战；仁怀市生态足迹增长的驱动因素主要有人口数量、特色产业、污染排放等。该研究结果有助于了解仁怀市特色产业发展与生态足迹之间的内在联系，为同类型地区可持续发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 仁怀市, 生态足迹, 生态承载力, 可持续发展, 影响因素

Abstract: To explore the changing characteristics of the ecological carrying capacity and figure out the key influencing factors of sustainable development of the Renhuai City, the per capita ecological footprint, per capita ecological carrying biocapacity and ecological surplus/deficit from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed based on the ecological footprint model. Furthermore, four key indexes, including ecological footprint index, ecological stress index, corresponding quotiety of ecological and GDP's ecological footprint, and six factors were applied to study the sustainable development status and influencing factors of Renhuai City. Results show that the Renhuai City has been in status of ecological deficit. Both the per capita ecological footprint and the per capita ecological carrying capacity presented a similar trend of decreasing first and then increasing. The per capita ecological footprint increased from 1.5 hm² to 1.8 hm², with an increase of 20% during research period. The per capita ecological carrying capacity increased by 14.89%, from 0.94 hm² to 1.08 hm²; the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological carrying capacity of the Renhuai City were mainly contributed by cultivated land and woodland, which accounting for 81% of the per capita ecological footprint and 79% of the per capita ecological carrying capacity, respectively. The ecological footprint index was between -76.96% and -59.22%, and the ecological pressure index was ranged from 1.59 to 1.77, as in view of the relevant evaluation standards, the Renhuai City's ecological footprint index and ecological stress index was in the status of 3rd grade and the 5th grade, suggesting there exists great challenges in regional sustainable development. In addition, the main driving factors impeding the Renhuai City's ecological footprint were population size, featured industries, and pollutants emissions. These results of the research are helpful to discover the internal connection between the development of featured industries in Renhuai City and the ecological footprint, and can provide theoretical basis for the sustainable development patten of similar areas.

Key words: Renhuai City, ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, sustainable development, influencing factor

中图分类号:

赵立君, 杨帆, 王楠, 吕锡斌, 李海东, 王莉. 基于生态足迹模型的贵州省仁怀市可持续发展及其影响因素研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(7): 870-876.

ZHAO Li-jun, YANG Fan, WANG Nan, Lü Xi-bin, LI Hai-dong, WANG Li. Research on Sustainable Development and Its Influencing Factors of Renhuai City Based on Ecological Footprint Model[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(7): 870-876.

参考文献 31

[1]	刘娜,陈俊华,王昊,等.城市要素聚集对城市群环境污染的影响:基于京津冀城市群的研究[J].软科学,2019,33(5):110-116.[LIU Na,CHEN Jun-hua,WANG Hao,et al.The Impact of Urban Factor Concentration on Environmental Pollution in Urban Agglomeration:Based on Research from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration[J].Soft Science,2019,33(5):110-116.]
[2]	城市和小城镇改革发展中心.《世界城市化展望》(2018年修订版)要点编译[EB/OL].[2020-11-05].http://www.ccud.org.cn/article/21044.html.
[3]	王桂新.城市化基本理论与中国城市化的问题及对策[J].人口研究,2013,37(6):43-51.[WANG Gui-xin.The Basic Theory of Urbanization and Problems and Countermeasures of China's Urbanization[J].Population Research,2013,37(6):43-51.]
[4]	李双成,赵志强,王仰麟.中国城市化过程及其资源与生态环境效应机制[J].地理科学进展,2009,28(1):63-70.[LI Shuang-cheng,ZHAO Zhi-qiang,WANG Yang-lin.Urbanization Process and Effects of Natural Resource and Environment in China:Research Trends and Future Directions[J].Progress in Geography,2009,28(1):63-70.]
[5]	董亮,张海滨.2030年可持续发展议程对全球及中国环境治理的影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(1):8-15.[DONG Liang,ZHANG Hai-bin.Environmental Objectives in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Its Implications on the World and China in Environmental Governance[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(1):8-15.]
[6]	王世彤.树立"全周期管理"意识提高干部城市治理水平[J].党建研究,2020(6):45-47.
[7]	郝翠,李洪远,孟伟庆.国内外可持续发展评价方法对比分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010,20(1):161-166.[HAO Cui,LI Hong-yuan,MENG Wei-qing.Comparison and Analysis on Different Methods of Sustainability Evaluation at Home and Abroad[J].China Population Resources and Environment,2010,20(1):161-166.]
[8]	REES W E.The Ecology of Sustainable Development[J].Ecologist,1990,20(1):18-23.
[9]	黄林楠,张伟新,姜翠玲,等.水资源生态足迹计算方法[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1279-1286.[HUANG Lin-nan,ZHANG Wei-xin,JIANG Cui-ling,et al.Ecological Footprint Method in Water Resources Assessment[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):1279-1286.]
[10]	黄海,刘长城,陈春.基于生态足迹的土地生态安全评价研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):193-196,201.[HUANG Hai,LIU Chang-cheng,CHEN Chun.Appraisal of Land Ecological Security Based on Ecological Footprint[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(1):193-196,201.]
[11]	杨屹,加涛.21世纪以来陕西生态足迹和承载力变化[J].生态学报,2015,35(24):7987-7997.[YANG Yi,JIA Tao.The 21st Century Ecological Carrying Capacity and Footprint in Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(24):7987-7997.]
[12]	吴隆杰.基于生态足迹指数的中国可持续发展动态评估[J].中国农业大学学报,2005,10(6):94-99.[WU Long-jie.Dynamic Evaluation of China Sustainable Development Based on the Ecological Footprint Index[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2005,10(6):94-99.]
[13]	WANG Z H,YANG L,YIN J H,et al.Assessment and Prediction of Environmental Sustainability in China Based on a Modified Ecological Footprint Model[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2018,132:301-313.
[14]	赵先贵,马彩虹,高利峰,等.基于生态压力指数的不同尺度区域生态安全评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(6):135-138.[ZHAO Xian-gui,MA Cai-hong,GAO Li-feng,et al.Assessment of Ecological Safety under Different Scales Based on Ecological Tension Index[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2007,15(6):135-138.]
[15]	张雪琪,满苏尔·沙比提,马国飞.基于生态足迹改进模型的叶尔羌河平原绿洲生态安全评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(9):840-849.[ZHANG Xue-qi,MANSUR·Shabiti,MA Guo-fei.Appraisal of Ecological Security Based on Improved Ecological Footprint Model in Yarkant River Plain Oasis[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(9):840-849.]
[16]	HABERL H,WACKERNAGEL M,KRAUSMANN F,et al.Ecological Footprints and Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production:A Comparison[J].Land Use Policy,2004,21(3):279-288.
[17]	REES W E.Ecological Footprints and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J].Environment and Urbanization,1992,4(2):121-130.
[18]	张彦宇,韩晓卓,李自珍,等.生态承载力模型的改进及其应用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2007,43(1):75-79.[ZHANG Yan-yu,HAN Xiao-zhuo,LI Zi-zhen,et al.Improvement of the Ecological Capacity Model and Its Application[J].Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2007,43(1):75-79.]
[19]	刘某承,李文华.基于净初级生产力的中国各地生态足迹均衡因子测算[J].生态与农村环境学报,2010,26(5):401-406.[LIU Mou-cheng,LI Wen-hua.Calculation of Equivalence Factor Used in Ecological Footprint for China and Its Provinces Based on Net Primary Production[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2010,26(5):401-406.]
[20]	向书坚,柴士改.生态足迹若干不足、修正与完善以及应用拓展[J].资源科学,2013,35(5):1051-1058.[XIANG Shu-jian,CHAI Shi-gai.Deficiencies and Improvements to Ecological Footprint Theory and Practice[J].Resources Science,2013,35(5):1051-1058.]
[21]	COSTANZA R,D'ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital[J].Ecological Economics,1998,25(1):3-15.
[22]	刘某承,李文华,谢高地.基于净初级生产力的中国生态足迹产量因子测算[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(3):592-597.[LIU Mou-cheng,LI Wen-hua,XIE Gao-di.Estimation of China Ecological Footprint Production Coefficient Based on Net Primary Productivity[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29(3):592-597.]
[23]	World Commission on Environment and Development.Our Common Future[R].Oslo:WCED,1987.
[24]	杨灿,朱玉林.绿色发展视阈下湖南省生态足迹的驱动力因素分析[J].经济地理,2020,40(4):195-203.[YANG Can,ZHU Yu-lin.Driving Force Factors of Ecological Footprint in Hunan Province from the Perspective of Green Development[J].Economic Geography,2020,40(4):195-203.]
[25]	闻熠,高峻,姚扬,等.基于改进参数的长三角城市群生态足迹时空动态及驱动因子分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2020,10(1):133-141.[WEN Yi,GAO Jun,YAO Yang,et al.Spatial and Temporal Dynamics and Driving Factor Analysis of Ecological Footprint of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration Based on Improved Parameters[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2020,10(1):133-141.]
[26]	刘世梁,朱家蓠,许经纬,等.城市化对区域生态足迹的影响及其耦合关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(24):8888-8900.[LIU Shi-liang,ZHU Jia-li,XU Jing-wei,et al.Effect of Urbanization on the Ecological Footprint and Their Interactive Coupling Relationship[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(24):8888-8900.]
[27]	高鑫.资源环境约束下贵州经济绿色转型路径研究[D].贵阳:贵州财经大学,2019.
[28]	杨廷锋.西南岩溶石山地区生态承载力的演变及动力机制:以贵州省为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(3):332-339.[YANG Ting-feng.Research on Evolution and Dynamic Mechanism of the Ecological Carrying Capacity in Karst Rock Mountain of Southwest China:A Case of Guizhou Province[J].Carsologica Sinica,2016,35(3):332-339.]
[29]	王昕宇,黄海峰.基于生态足迹模型的县域可持续发展研究:以宜宾市为例[J].农村经济,2016(7):84-89.
[30]	鹿瑶,李效顺,蒋冬梅,等.区域生态足迹盈亏测算及其空间特征:以江苏省为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(23):8574-8583.[LU Yao,LI Xiao-shun,JIANG Dong-mei,et al.Study on the Calculation and Spatial Characteristics of Regional Ecological Footprint Profit and Loss:Jiangsu Province as a Case Study[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(23):8574-8583.]
[31]	王昕宇,黄海峰,迟远英.基于面板数据模型的生态足迹与县域经济增长关系:以四川省宜宾市为例[J].农村经济,2018(2):39-44.