宁夏太阳山湿地水环境重金属分布特征及污染评价

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0136

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解宁夏太阳山湿地水环境重金属的污染状况，于2019年冬季、春季、夏季、秋季对水体和表层沉积物中As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Mn、Zn这8种重金属的含量进行了监测，应用多元统计方法分析水环境重金属的时空异质性，采用内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法评估水环境重金属的污染状况。结果表明：总体上水体重金属含量不高，只有Hg含量超过GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》中的Ⅲ类水标准；表层沉积物受重金属污染严重，只有Cr含量未超过宁夏土壤背景值。水体和沉积物重金属含量东湖区较高，南湖区较低。内梅罗综合污染指数法评估结果表明，全水域水体重金属污染水平较低，其中西湖区污染最严重，四季中冬季污染最为严重，对污染贡献最大的是Hg。地累积指数法评估结果表明，表层沉积物受Hg污染最为严重，其中冬季污染最严重。

关键词: 太阳山国家湿地公园, 重金属, 内梅罗综合污染指数, 地累积指数

Abstract: The concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn in water bodies and surface sediments were monitored to explore the pollution condition of heavy metals in the water environment of Taiyangshan National Wetland Park in Ningxia in winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2019. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of heavy metals in the water environment, and Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index Method and Geo-accumulation Index Method were used to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in the water environment. The results show that the heavy metal contents of the waterbody were generally at low level and only the Hg content exceeded the Ⅲ class surface water standard of the "Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002)". The surface sediments were seriously polluted by heavy metals except for Cr, which did not exceed the soil background value of Ningxia. The contents of heavy metals in water and sediments were higher in the east part of the lake and lower in the south part of the lake. The heavy metal pollution level of the waterbody as a whole was low by usinig Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index Method. While the most serious pollution was found in the west part of the lake and in winter. Among the heavy metals, Hg contributed the most to the pollution. By using the Geo-accumulation Index Method, it was found that the surface sediment was most seriously polluted in winter and Hg contributed the most to the pollution.

Key words: Taiyangshan National Wetland Park, heavy metals, Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index, Geo-accumulation Index

中图分类号:

X131

赵增锋, 冯娜, 邱小琮, 孙旭杨, 王世强, 欧阳虹. 宁夏太阳山湿地水环境重金属分布特征及污染评价[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(2): 168-175.

ZHAO Zeng-feng, FENG Na, QIU Xiao-cong, SUN Xu-yang, WANG Shi-qiang, OUYANG Hong. Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Water Environment of Taiyangshan Wetland in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(2): 168-175.

参考文献

[1] 侯凤兰.青格达湖水体-沉积物-沿岸土壤系统重金属污染及环境容量研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学, 2019.[HOU Feng-lan.Study on the Heavy Metal Pollution and Environment Capacity in Water, Surface Sediments and Riparian Soils of Qinggeda Lake[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University, 2019.]
[2] 吕杰.环境条件变化下乌梁素海沉积物重金属释放机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2018.[LÜ Jie.Release Mechanism of Heavy Metals from Sediments in Wuliangsuhai under Environmental Changes[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2018.]
[3] 陆海, 彭琼.水体重金属污染现状及治理技术[J].当代化工研究, 2019(1):22-23.[LU Hai, PENG Qiong.Current Situation and Treatment Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water[J].Modern Chemical Research, 2019(1):22-23.]
[4] 霍庆霖, 肖慧, 王俊杰等.成都市部分区域淡水混养池塘水体与沉积物中重金属风险评价及分配特征[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(2):180-188.[HUO Qing-lin, XIAO Hui, WANG Jun-jie, et al.Risk Assessment and Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Water Bodies and Sediments of Freshwater Polyculture Ponds in Some Areas of Chengdu[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(2):180-188.]
[5] 梁飘飘.内蒙古乌梁素海重金属分布特征及环境风险研究[D].北京:中央民族大学, 2019.[LIANG Piao-piao.Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in Bed Mud from the Wuliangsu Lake, Inner Mongolia[D].Beijing:Central University for Nationalities, 2019.]
[6] 牛卫萍, 马卫, 董孝章.宁夏太阳山开发区环境方面存在的几个突出问题及防治对策[J].中小企业管理与科技, 2011(9):96-97.[NIU Wei-ping, MA Wei, DONG Xiao-zhang.Several Outstanding Problems in the Environment of Ningxia Sun Mountain Development Zone and Countermeasures for Prevention and Control[J].Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Management and Technology, 2011(9):96-97.]
[7] 李世龙, 赵增锋, 邱小琮, 等.宁夏清水河流域重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].灌溉排水学报, 2020, 39(7):128-137.[LI Shi-long, ZHAO Zeng-feng, QIU Xiao-cong, et al.Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Qingshui River Basin in Ningxia[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2020, 39(7):128-137.]
[8] 袁程昱, 李发永, 袁自强, 等.新疆某高寒、高海拔矿区重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(5):679-688.[YUAN Cheng-yu, LI Fa-yong, YUAN Zi-qiang, et al.Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in an Extremely Cold and High-Altitude Mining Area in Xinjiang[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(5):679-688.]
[9] 施阳.巢湖表层水体中砷及重金属分布特征、风险评价和来源[D].合肥:安徽医科大学, 2018.[SHI Yang.Contamination Characteristics, Health Risk Assessment and Sources of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Surface Water from Lake Chaohu[D].Hefei:Anhui Medical University, 2018.]
[10] 马小玲.黄河甘宁蒙段水体重金属含量水平及污染评价研究[D].北京:中央民族大学, 2016.[MA Xiao-ling.Study on the Level of Heavy Metal Content and Pollution Evaluation of the Water in the Gansu, Ningxia and Mongolia Section of the Yellow River[D].Beijing:Central University for Nationalities, 2016.]
[11] 李敏, 成杭新, 李括.中国淡水湖泊沉积物地球化学背景与环境质量基准建立的思考[J].地学前缘, 2018, 25(4):276-284.[LI Min, CHENG Hang-xin, LI Kuo.Geochemical Background of Freshwater Lake Sediments:A Constraint on the Establishment of Sediment Quality Guidelines in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2018, 25(4):276-284.]
[12] 孙标, 赵胜男, 王利明, 等.哈素海表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].湿地科学, 2018, 16(6):756-763.[SUN Biao, ZHAO Sheng-nan, WANG Li-ming, et al.Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments in Hasuhai Lake and Their Ecological Risk Assessment[J].Wetland Science, 2018, 16(6):756-763.]
[13] 丁之勇, 蒲佳, 吉力力·阿不都外力.中国主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与评价分析[J].环境工程, 2017, 35(6):136-141.[DING Zhi-yong, PU Jia, JILILI Abuduwaili.Characteristics and Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of Major Lakes in China[J].Environmental Engineering, 2017, 35(6):136-141.]
[14] 郭西亚, 高敏, 张杰, 等.阳澄湖沉积物重金属空间分布及生物毒害特征[J].中国环境科学, 2019, 39(2):802-811.[GUO Xi-ya, GAO Min, ZHANG Jie, et al.Characteristics of Spatial Distribution Andbiological Toxicity for Heavy Metals in Sediments of the Yangcheng Lake[J].China Environmental Science, 2019, 39(2):802-811.]
[15] 匡荟芬.鄱阳湖区沉积物和土壤重金属污染特征、风险评价及源解析[D].南昌:南昌大学, 2020.[KUANG Hui-fen.Pollution Characteristics, Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Sediments and Soils of Poyang Lake Area[D].Nanchang:Nanchang University, 2020.]
[16] 方斌斌, 于洋, 姜伟立, 等.太湖流域水体和沉积物重金属时空分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(3):215-224.[FANG Bin-bin, YU Yang, JIANG Wei-li, et al.Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Surface Water and Sediment of the Lake Taihu Basin and Assessment of Their Potential Ecological Risks[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(3):215-224.]
[17] 毕斌.洞庭湖水环境中重金属污染特征、赋存形态及其源解析[D].临汾:山西师范大学, 2017.[BI Bin.Pollution Characteristics, Occurrence Forms and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in the Water Environment of Dongting Lake[D].Linfen:Shanxi Normal University, 2017.]
[18] WILDING L P.Spatial Variabilit:Its Documentaion, Accommodation, and Implication to Soil Surveys[M]//NIELSEN D R, BOUMA J.Soil Spatial Varaility.Wageningen, Netherlands, 1985:166-194.
[19] 张转玲.贵州草海高原湿地系统湖泊水体重金属多源性研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学, 2019.[ZHANG Zhuan-ling.Study on Multi-sources of Heavy Metals in Lake Water of Caohai Plateau Wetland System in Guizhou[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University, 2019.]
[20] CHEN X D, LU X W.Contamination Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals in Topsoil from an Area in Xi'an City, China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 151:153-160.
[21] MEN C, LIU R M, WANG Q R, et al.The Impact of Seasonal Varied Human Activity on Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Metropolitan Road Dusts[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 637/638:844-854.
[22] 潘晨光, 刘粤峰, 彭小桃, 等.川东北大气沉降中水溶态重金属季节变化:自然和人为因素的影响[J].环境化学, 2020, 39(1):240-248.[PAN Chen-guang, LIU Yue-feng, PENG Xiao-tao, et al.Seasonal Variations of Water-Soluble Heavy Metals in Atmospheric Deposition at NE Sichuan, Central China:Natural and Anthropogenic Effects[J].Environmental Chemistry, 2020, 39(1):240-248.]
[23] 余辉, 张璐璐, 李焕利, 等.太湖流域重金属湿沉降特征[J].环境科学研究, 2011, 24(12):1331-1338.[YU Hui, ZHANG Lu-lu, LI Huan-li, et al.Wet Deposition Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Taihu Lake Watershed[J].Research of Environmental Sciences, 2011, 24(12):1331-1338.]
[24] 孙文广, 甘卓亭, 孙志高, 等.黄河口新生湿地土壤Fe和Mn元素的空间分布特征[J].环境科学, 2013, 34(11):4411-4419.[SUN Wen-guang, GAN Zhuo-ting, SUN Zhi-gao, et al.Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Fe and Mn Contents in the New-Born Coastal Marshes in the Yellow River Estuary[J].Environmental Science, 2013, 34(11):4411-4419.]
[25] 李硕.云南高原湖泊水体悬浮物重金属地球化学特征研究[D].天津:天津师范大学, 2019.[LI Shuo.Geochemical Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Suspended Matter of Lakes in Yunnan Plateau[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Normal University, 2019.]