三明市区景观格局时空演变及生态网络构建研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.1013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态网络的构建充分利用了山地型城市所具备的良好生态环境,减弱了快速城市化带来的负面影响,提升了区域生态系统服务能力和生物多样性。以三明市区为研究区域,对比分析了2000、2010和2020年3个时期的景观格局、生态源地和生态阻力面的变化,运用形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)方法、电路理论和重力模型等判定重要生态源地,构建生态廊道,并提出相应的优化策略。结果表明:(1)2000-2020年三明市区核心区面积占研究区域总面积的比例均超过50%,但呈现逐年下降趋势。(2)三明市区有11个重要生态源地,构建了24条生态廊道。(3)运用重力模型将廊道分为3类,其中1级廊道2条,2级廊道5条,3级廊道17条。(4)识别出22个踏脚石、47个生态夹点、54个障碍点和114个断裂点。(5)提出修复生态断裂点、建设踏脚石、保护生态夹点、去除生态障碍点的优化策略来提升生态网络稳定性,增强区域景观连通性。研究结果可为山地城市的生态网络构建提供参考。

关键词: 三明市区, 景观格局, 形态学空间格局分析, 电路理论, 重力模型, 生态网络

Abstract: The construction of the ecological network can help to make full use of the superior eco-environment of mountainous cities, restore the negative impact of rapid urbanization, and enhance regional ecosystem services and biodiversity. Taking the urban area of Sanming City as the research area, the changes of landscape pattern, ecological sources and ecological resistance surface in 2000, 2010 and 2020 were compared and analyzed. And the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), circuit theory, and gravity model were used to identify important ecological sources, build ecological corridors, and propose corresponding optimization strategies. The results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the proportion of the core area all accounted for more than 50% of the total area of Sanming urban area, but showed a downward trend year by year. (2) 11 important ecological sources were identified, and 24 ecological corridors have been constructed. (3) Three types of eco-corridors was divided by the gravity model, including 2 first-level corridors, 5 second-level corridors, and 17 third-level corridors. (4) 22 stepping stones, 47 ecological pinch points, 54 obstacle points and 114 breaking points were identified. (5) The optimization strategies of restoring ecological breaking points, building stepping stones, protecting ecological pinch points, and removing ecological barrier points are proposed for the improvement of the stability of the ecological network and for enhancing the connectivity of regional landscapes. The results of this study can provide references for the construction of ecological network in mountainous cities.

Key words: urba area of Sanming City, landscape pattern, morphological spatial pattern analysis, circuit theory, gravity model, ecological network

中图分类号:

曾真, 艾婧文, 王梓凌, 何天友, 郑郁善. 三明市区景观格局时空演变及生态网络构建研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2024, 40(3): 335-344.

ZENG Zhen, AI Jing-wen, WANG Zi-ling, HE Tian-you, ZHENG Yu-shan. Research on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Landscape Pattern in Sanming Urban Area and the Construction of Ecological Network[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2024, 40(3): 335-344.

参考文献

[1] 彭建,汪安,刘焱序,等.城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):333-346.[PENG Jian,WANG An,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Research Progress and Prospect on Measuring Urban Ecological Land Demand［J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):333-346.］
[2] 朱捷,苏杰,尹海伟,等.基于源地综合识别与多尺度嵌套的徐州生态网络构建[J].自然资源学报,2020,35(8):1986-2001.[ZHU Jie,SU Jie,YIN Hai-wei,et al.Construction of Xuzhou Ecological Network Based on Comprehensive Sources Identification and Multi-scale Nesting［J].Journal of Natural Resources,2020,35(8):1986-2001.］
[3] 武晶,刘志民.生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1946-1952.[WU Jing,LIU Zhi-min.Effect of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity:A Review［J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(7):1946-1952.］
[4] 彭建,杨旸,谢盼,等.基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4562-4572.[PENG Jian,YANG Yang,XIE Pan,et al.Zoning for the Construction of Green Space Ecological Networks in Guangdong Province Based on the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(13):4562-4572.］
[5] ZHOU X L,WANG Y C.Spatial-temporal Dynamics of Urban Green Space in Response to Rapid Urbanization and Greening Policies[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,100(3):268-277.
[6] KONG F H,YIN H W,NAKAGOSHI N,et al.Urban Green Space Network Development for Biodiversity Conservation:Identification Based on Graph Theory and Gravity Modeling[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,95(1/2):16-27.
[7] JONGMAN R.Ecological Networks Are an Issue for All of US[J].Journal of Landscape Ecology,2008,1(1):7-13.
[8] BROSE U.Improving Nature Conservancy Strategies by Ecological Network Theory[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2010,11(1):1-5.
[9] SANDIFER P A,SUTTON-GRIER A E,WARD B P.Exploring Connections among Nature,Biodiversity,Ecosystem Services,and Human Health and Well-being:Opportunities to Enhance Health and Biodiversity Conservation[J].Ecosystem Services,2015,12:1-15.
[10] ANDERSSON E,BARTHEL S,BORGSTRÖM S,et al.Reconnecting Cities to the Biosphere:Stewardship of Green Infrastructure and Urban Ecosystem Services[J].Ambio,2014,43(4):445-453.
[11] 周媛,石铁矛,胡远满,等.沈阳城市绿地适宜性与空间布局[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1805-1812.[ZHOU Yuan,SHI Tie-mao,HU Yuan-man,et al.Urban Green Space Land Suitability and Its Spatial Distribution in Shenyang City of Northeast China［J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(8):1805-1812.］
[12] 杨志广,蒋志云,郭程轩,等.基于形态空间格局分析和最小累积阻力模型的广州市生态网络构建[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(10):3367-3376.[YANG Zhi-guang,JIANG Zhi-yun,GUO Cheng-xuan,et al.Construction of Ecological Network Using Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and Minimal Cumulative Resistance Models in Guangzhou City,China［J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(10):3367-3376.］
[13] 刘世梁,侯笑云,尹艺洁,等.景观生态网络研究进展[J].生态学报,2017,37(12):3947-3956.[LIU Shi-liang,HOU Xiao-yun,YIN Yi-jie,et al.Research Progress on Landscape Ecological Networks［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(12):3947-3956.］
[14] 王玉莹,沈春竹,金晓斌,等.基于MSPA和MCR模型的江苏省生态网络构建与优化[J].生态科学,2019,38(2):138-145.[WANG Yu-ying,SHEN Chun-zhu,JIN Xiao-bin,et al.Developing and Optimizing Ecological Networks Based on MSPA and MCR Model［J].Ecological Science,2019,38(2):138-145.］
[15] 齐松,罗志军,陈瑶瑶,等.基于MSPA与最小路径方法的袁州区生态网络构建与优化[J].农业现代化研究,2020,41(2):351-360.[QI Song,LUO Zhi-jun,CHEN Yao-yao,et al.Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in Yuanzhou District Based on MSPA and the Least-cost Path Method［J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2020,41(2):351-360.］
[16] 李欣鹏,李锦生,侯伟.区域生态网络精细化空间模拟及廊道优化研究:以汾河流域为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2020,36(5):14-20,55.[LI Xin-peng,LI Jin-sheng,HOU Wei.Research on Refined Simulation of Regional Ecological Network and Corridor Optimization:A Case Study of Fenhe River Basin［J].Geography and Geo-information Science,2020,36(5):14-20,55.］
[17] 曹翊坤,付梅臣,谢苗苗,等.基于LSMM与MSPA的深圳市绿色景观连通性研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):526-536.[CAO Yi-kun,FU Mei-chen,XIE Miao-miao,et al.Landscape Connectivity Dynamics of Urban Green Landscape Based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA) and Linear Spectral Mixture Model(LSMM) in Shenzhen［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(2):526-536.］
[18] CAI A L,WANG J,MACLACHLAN I,et al.Modeling the Trade-offs between Urban Development and Ecological Process Based on Landscape Multi-functionality and Regional Ecological Networks[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,2020,63(13):2357-2379.
[19] 彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):407-419.[PENG Jian,ZHAO Hui-juan,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Research Progress and Prospect on Regional Ecological Security Pattern Construction［J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):407-419.］
[20] 梁艳艳,赵银娣.基于景观分析的西安市生态网络构建与优化[J].应用生态学报,2020,31(11):3767-3776.[LIANG Yan-yan,ZHAO Yin-di.Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in Xi'an Based on Landscape Analysis［J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2020,31(11):3767-3776.］
[21] 陈竹安,况达,危小建,等.基于MSPA与MCR模型的余江县生态网络构建[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1199-1207.[CHEN Zhu-an,KUANG Da,WEI Xiao-jian,et al.Developing Ecological Networks Based on MSPA and MCR:A Case Study in Yujiang County［J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(8):1199-1207.］
[22] SHEN H,ZHANG J,YU B.Research on Urban Greenway System Planning Based on the Promotion of Ecological Function:Taking Chengdu as the Example[J].Boletin Tecnico/Technical Bulletin,2017,55(20):90-97.
[23] 刘佳,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于电路理论的南京城市绿色基础设施格局优化[J].生态学报,2018,38(12):4363-4372.[LIU Jia,YIN Hai-wei,KONG Fan-hua,et al.Structure Optimization of Circuit Theory-based Green Infrastructure in Nanjing,China［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(12):4363-4372.］
[24] 荣月静,严岩,王辰星,等.基于生态系统服务供需的雄安新区生态网络构建与优化[J].生态学报,2020,40(20):7197-7206.[RONG Yue-jing,YAN Yan,WANG Chen-xing,et al.Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network in Xiong'an New Area Based on the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(20):7197-7206.］
[25] 郭家新,胡振琪,李海霞,等.基于MCR模型的市域生态空间网络构建[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(3):275-284.[GUO Jia-xin,HU Zhen-qi,LI Hai-xia,et al.Construction of Municipal Ecological Space Network Based on MCR Model［J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(3):275-284.］
[26] 郑茜,曾菊新,罗静,等.武汉市生态网络空间结构及其空间管治研究[J].经济地理,2018,38(9):191-199.[ZHENG Qian,ZENG Ju-xin,LUO Jing,et al.Spatial Structure and Space Governance of Ecological Network in Wuhan City［J].Economic Geography,2018,38(9):191-199.］
[27] 田雨,周宝同,付伟,等.2000-2015年山地城市土地利用景观格局动态演变研究:以重庆市渝北区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2019,28(6):1344-1353.[TIAN Yu,ZHOU Bao-tong,FU Wei,et al.Dynamic Evolution of Land Use Landscape Patterns in Mountainous Cities from 2000 to 2015:A Case Study of Yubei District in Chongqing［J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2019,28(6):1344-1353.］
[28] 宁琦,朱梓铭,覃盟琳,等.基于MSPA和电路理论的南宁市国土空间生态网络优化研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2021,46(2):306-318.[NING Qi,ZHU Zi-ming,QIN Meng-lin,et al.Research on the Optimization of Territorial Space Ecological Network of Nanning City Based on MSPA and Circuit Theory［J].Journal of Guangxi University (Natural Science Edition),2021,46(2):306-318.］
[29] HUANG X X,WANG H J,SHAN L Y,et al.Constructing and Optimizing Urban Ecological Network in the Context of Rapid Urbanization for Improving Landscape Connectivity[J].Ecological Indicators,2021,132:108319.
[30] 金爱博,张诗阳,王向荣.宁绍平原绿地生态网络时空格局与优化研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2022,38(11):1415-1426.[JIN Ai-bo,ZHANG Shi-yang,WANG Xiang-rong.Spatial-temporal Pattern and Optimization of the Green Space Ecological Networks in the Ningshao Plain［J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2022,38(11):1415-1426.］
[31] 邱宏,吴斌,卢亚娟.区域协同理念下山地城市空间统筹的规划应对:以福建省三明市为例[J].规划师,2016,32(1):35-39.[QIU Hong,WU Bin,LU Ya-juan.Mountainous City Space Integration with Regional Coordination:Sanming,Fujian Province Example［J].Planners,2016,32(1):35-39.］
[32] 黄河,余坤勇,高雅玲,等.基于MSPA的福州绿色基础设施网络构建[J].中国园林,2019,35(11):70-75.[HUANG He,YU Kun-yong,GAO Ya-ling,et al.Building Green Infrastructure Network of Fuzhou Using MSPA［J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2019,35(11):70-75.］
[33] 张亚丽,尹伟特,胡希军,等.基于MSPA与MCR模型的资源节约型生态网络构建:以福建省东山岛为例[J].西北林学院学报,2021,36(5):254-261.[ZHANG Ya-li,YIN Wei-te,HU Xi-jun,et al.The Construction of Resource-saving Ecological Network Based on MSPA and MCR Model:A Case Study of Dongshan Island in Fujian Province［J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2021,36(5):254-261.］
[34] CANTWELL M D,FORMAN R T T.Landscape Graphs:Ecological Modeling with Graph Theory to Detect Configurations Common to Diverse Landscapes[J].Landscape Ecology,1993,8(4):239-255.
[35] SAURA S,PASCUAL-HORTAL L.A New Habitat Availability Index to Integrate Connectivity in Landscape Conservation Planning:Comparison with Existing Indices and Application to a Case Study[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,83(2/3):91-103.
[36] KNAAPEN J P,SCHEFFER M,HARMS B.Estimating Habitat Isolation in Landscape Planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[37] PENG J,ZHAO H J,LIU Y X.Urban Ecological Corridors Construction:A Review[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(1):23-30.
[38] 于梦林,刘平辉,朱传民.基于MCR模型的宁波市生态安全网络构建[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(1):217-224.[YU Meng-lin,LIU Ping-hui,ZHU Chuan-min.Construction of Ecological Security Network Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model at Ningbo City［J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,42(1):217-224.］
[39] 李涛,巩雅博,戈健宅,等.基于电路理论的城市景观生态安全格局构建:以湖南省衡阳市为例[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(7):2555-2564.[LI Tao,GONG Ya-bo,GE Jian-zhai,et al.Construction of Urban Landscape Ecological Security Pattern Based on Circuit Theory:A Case Study of Hengyang City,Hunan Province,China［J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,32(7):2555-2564.］