配施猪粪对麦季CH4和N2O排放及温室效应的影响

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2012, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 349-354.doi:

配施猪粪对麦季CH₄和N₂O排放及温室效应的影响

孙国峰,郑建初,陈留根,何加骏,张岳芳

江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所

收稿日期:2012-02-14 修回日期:2012-05-27 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2012-07-25
通讯作者: 郑建初江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 E-mail:zjc@jaas.ac.cn
作者简介:孙国峰（1982-），男，江苏宿迁人，博士，主要从事农业生态与农牧结合方面的研究。E-mail:sgf515@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省农业科技自主创新资金〔CX（11）2073〕

Effects of Applicaion of Pig Manure in Combination With Chemical Fertilizers on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions and Their Greenhouse Effects in Wheat Field

SUN Guo-Feng, ZHENG Jian-Chu, CHEN Liu-Gen, HE Jia-Jun, ZHANG Yue-Fang

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Received:2012-02-14 Revised:2012-05-27 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2012-07-25
Contact: ZHENG Jian-Chu Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences E-mail:zjc@jaas.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用遮光密闭箱和气相色谱法研究配施猪粪条件下麦季CH₄和N₂O的排放特征，并运用全球增温潜势（P_GW）对麦田CH4和N2O排放的温室效应进行估算。结果表明，常规施肥、秸秆还田、50%猪粪和100%猪粪替代化肥处理CH₄平均排放通量分别为6.10、10.26、5.32和2.35μg·m^-2·h^-1，N₂O平均排放通量分别为24.25、38.24、12.21和16.06μg·m-2·h^-1。CH₄排放通量在拔节后随温度升高而增加，N₂O排放主要发生在苗期灌溉或降水后。与常规施肥相比，100%猪粪和50%猪粪替代化肥处理麦季CH₄和N₂O排放产生的总P_GW分别降低34.3%和48.9%，单位产量的P_GW分别降低26.0%和48.9%，秸秆还田措施的P_GW及单位产量的P_GW分别提高57.9%和52.0%。然而，与常规施肥与秸秆还田处理相比，100%猪粪处理的小麦产量显著降低（P<0.05）。试验结果表明，在作物高产、稳产要求下，50%猪粪替代化肥措施的减排效果较好。

关键词: 猪粪, 化肥, 温室气体, 小麦

Abstract: Characteristics of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from wheat fields applied with pig manure in combination with chemical fertilizers were studied using the static chamber method and gas chromatography, and greenhouse effect of the CH₄ and N₂O emitted from the fields were assessed using global warming potentials (P_GW). Results show that the average CH₄ flux from Treatment NPK (the plots applied with chemical fertilizer as in conventional practice), Treatment NPKS (the plots applied with chemical fertilizer plus straw), Treatment 50% PM (the plots applied with half pig manure and half chemical fertilizer) and Treatment 100% PM (the plots applied with pig manure only) was 6.10, 10.26, 5.32 and 2.35 μg•m^-2•h^-1, respectively, the average N₂O flux from Treatments NPK, NPKS, 50% PM and 100% PM was 24.25、38.24、12.21 and 16.06 μg•m^-2•h^-1, respectively. It was found that CH₄ flux increased with temperature after the elongation stage, and N₂O emissions occurred mainly after irrigation or rain during the seeding stage. Compared to Treatment NPK, Treatment NPKS was 57.9% and 52.0% higher in P_GW and P_GW per yield, respectively, while, Treatment 100% PM was 34.3% and 26.0% lower and Treatment 50% PM 48.9% and 48.9% lower in P_GW and PGW per yield, respectively.However,compard with Treatments NPK and NPKS,Treatment 100% PM was significantly lower in wheat yield. It is, therefore, concluded that Treatment 50% PM, that is, to replace half of the rate of chemical fertilizer applied in conventional practice with pig manure, is a good option to reduce CH₄ and N₂O emissions from wheat fields without significant yield reduction.

Key words: manure, chemical fertilizer, greenhouse gas, wheat

中图分类号:

X511

孙国峰, 郑建初, 陈留根, 何加骏, 张岳芳. 配施猪粪对麦季CH₄和N₂O排放及温室效应的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2012, 28(4): 349-354.

SUN Guo-Feng, ZHENG Jian-Chu, CHEN Liu-Gen, HE Jia-Jun, ZHANG Yue-Fang. Effects of Applicaion of Pig Manure in Combination With Chemical Fertilizers on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions and Their Greenhouse Effects in Wheat Field[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2012, 28(4): 349-354.

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配施猪粪对麦季CH₄和N₂O排放及温室效应的影响

Effects of Applicaion of Pig Manure in Combination With Chemical Fertilizers on CH₄ and N₂O Emissions and Their Greenhouse Effects in Wheat Field

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