添加过磷酸钙对乡村有机废弃物太阳能辅助好氧堆肥氮素保持的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0405

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 太阳能辅助好氧堆肥可以实现较好的腐殖化效果,但环境温度过高易造成氮素损失。为实现太阳能辅助猪粪好氧堆肥的氮素保持效果,选择猪粪和杂草作为堆肥原料,以水稻秸秆为调理剂,设计2个堆体,即堆体1添加2.5%磷酸钙,堆体2添加5%过磷酸钙,进行为期20 d的好氧堆肥。通过分析理化性质和微生物群落变化,探究氮素保持效果。结果表明,堆体1铵态氮含量从1.40 mg·g^-1下降到1.34 mg·g^-1,堆体2则从1.13 mg·g^-1上升到1.27 mg·g^-1,结束堆肥时2个堆体硝态氮含量分别为0.29和0.33 mg·g^-1,氮损失分别为22.64%和17.44%,堆体2的氮素保持效果更好,添加5%过磷酸钙有更好的保氮效果。2个堆体全磷含量分别增加26.9%和9.3%,随着过磷酸钙添加量的增加,有效磷含量有所降低,分别降低2.3%和18.3%。2个堆体种子发芽指数(GI)均大于100%,C/N值也达到腐熟要求。随着反应的进行,致病菌种〔松鼠葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus sciuri)、阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)和铅黄肠球菌(Enterococcus casseliflavus)〕丰度趋于0。堆体2的pH更低,细菌群落丰度和多样性更高,氨挥发更少。堆体2中反硝化菌〔假黄色单胞菌属(Pseudoxanthomonas)、极小单胞菌属(Pusillimonas)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)〕丰度低于堆体1,热酸芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thermolactis)、胺芽胞杆菌(Ammoniibacillus agariperforans)和地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)等保氮菌种丰度得到提高,有利于氮素保持。

关键词: 好氧堆肥, 乡村有机废弃物, 过磷酸钙, 氮素保持, 微生物多样性, 群落结构

Abstract: Better humification can be achieved by solar-assisted aerobic composting. However, nitrogen loss is a simple consequence of the high composting temperature. This experiment designed two piles with pig manure and weeds as the composting raw materials and rice straw as the conditioner, and added 2.5% superphosphate to Pile 1 and 5% superphosphate to Pile 2 for 20 days in order to achieve the nitrogen retention effect of solar-assisted aerobic composting of pig manure. Physical and chemical characteristics as well as changes in the microbial population were examined to better understand the impact of nitrogen retention. The results show that the ammonium nitrogen content of Pile 1 decreased from 1.40 mg·g^-1 to 1.34 mg·g^-1, while the range of Pile 2 increased from 1.13 mg·g^-1 to 1.27 mg·g^-1. At the end of composting, the nitrate-nitrogen contents of the two piles were 0.29 and 0.33 mg·g^-1 with the nitrogen loss ratios of 22.64% and 17.44%, respectively, indicating improved nitrogen retention in Pile 2 and better ammonia retention with the addition of 5% superphosphate. The total phosphorus of the two piles increased by 26.9% and 9.3%, and the available phosphorus content decreased by 2.3% and 18.3%, respectively with increased addition of superphosphate. The two piles' seed germination index (GI) exceeded 100%, and the C/N value also complied with the criteria for decomposition. The abundance of pathogenic species (Staphylococcus sciuri, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterococcus casseliflavus) decreased to zero as the response developed. Pile 2 had a lower pH, a more diverse and abundant bacterial community, and less ammonia volatilization. Denitrifying bacteria (Pseudoxanthomonas, Pusillimonas, Flavobacterium) in Pile 2 was lower than that in Pile 1. At the same time, the abundances of nitrogen-preserving bacteria such as Bacillus thermolactis, Ammoniibacillus agariperforans and Bacillus licheniformis were increased, which was beneficial to nitrogen retention.

Key words: aerobic composting, rural organic waste, superphosphate, nitrogen retention, microbial diversity, community structure

中图分类号:

X705

李楠, 陆勇泽, 朱光灿, 李淑萍. 添加过磷酸钙对乡村有机废弃物太阳能辅助好氧堆肥氮素保持的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(9): 1221-1230.

LI Nan, LU Yong-ze, ZHU Guang-can, LI Shu-ping. Effects of Superphosphate Addition on Nitrogen Retention in Solar-assisted Aerobic Composting of Rural Organic Wastes[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(9): 1221-1230.

参考文献

[1] 刘玉婷.禽粪好氧堆肥过程中氮素转化与菌群互作规律的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2018.[LIU Yu-ting.The Interaction Mechanism of Nitrogen Transformation and Bacterial Dynamics during Aerobic Composting of Poultry Manure[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2018.]
[2] 李甲琳.农村生活有机垃圾与人粪便堆肥过程及其微生物特性研究[D].南京:东南大学,2019.[LI Jia-lin.Research on Composting Process and Microbial Properties of Organic Waste and Human Manure in Rural Area[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2019.]
[3] 余芳.太阳能用于城市污泥堆肥的研究与应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2014.[YU Fang.Utilization of Solar Energy on Sewage Sludge Composting Fertilizer Effect and Application[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2014.]
[4] 骆爽爽.太阳能辅助好氧堆肥处理农村生活垃圾的技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.[LUO Shuang-shuang.Research on the Technology of Solar-assisted Aerobic Composting for Disposing Rural Domestic Waste[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.]
[5] 赵秀玲,朱新萍,罗艳丽,等.温度与秸秆比例对牛粪好氧堆肥的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(1):334-340.[ZHAO Xiu-ling,ZHU Xin-ping,LUO Yan-li,et al.Impact of Temperature and Straw Adding Ratio on Contents of Nutrients in Cow Dung Aerobic Compost[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(1):334-340.]
[6] ZAINUDIN M H,MUSTAPHA N A,MAEDA T,et al.Biochar Enhanced the Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacterial Communities during the Composting of Poultry Manure and Rice Straw[J].Waste Management,2020,106:240-249.
[7] 姜继韶,党森,王撵,等.过磷酸钙和腐烂苹果联合添加对猪粪堆肥过程中碳素转化和腐熟的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(11):4422-4430.[JIANG Ji-shao,DANG Sen,WANG Nian,et al.Influences of Calcium Superphosphate,Rotten Apples and Their Mixture on Organic Matter Transformation and Compost Maturity during Pig Manure Composting[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(11):4422-4430.]
[8] 张邦喜,江滔,杨仁德,等.生物炭和过磷酸钙投加对鸡粪-烟末-菌糠联合堆肥腐熟度及含氮气体排放的影响[J].太原理工大学学报,2020,51(5):724-730.[ZHANG Bang-xi,JIANG Tao,YANG Ren-de,et al.Effects of Biochar and Superphosphate on Maturity and Nitrogenous Gas Emission during Co-composting of Chicken Manure and Tobacco Wastes with Spent Mushroom Substrate as the Bulking Agent[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2020,51(5):724-730.]
[9] WANG G Y,KONG Y L,YANG Y,et al.Superphosphate,Biochar,and a Microbial Inoculum Regulate Phytotoxicity and Humification during Chicken Manure Composting[J].Science of the Total Environment,2022,824:153958.
[10] 卢洋洋.不同菌种组合对牛粪好氧堆肥发酵的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2019.[LU Yang-yang.Effects of Different Combinations of Strains on Aerobic Composting Fermentation of Cow Manure[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2019.]
[11] 吴娟.过磷酸钙对猪粪堆肥碳、氮转化及减缓有机质降解技术机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.[WU Juan.Technology Mechanism of Organic Matter Degradation Mitigation and Carbon,Nitrogen Transformation with Superphosphate Addition during Pig Manure Composting[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.]
[12] 吴梦婷,梅娟,苏良湖,等.硫酸亚铁和过磷酸钙对牛粪秸秆混合堆肥氮损失和腐殖化的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2020,36(10):1353-1361.[WU Meng-ting,MEI Juan,SU Liang-hu,et al.Effects of Ferrous Sulfate and Calcium Superphosphate on Nitrogen Loss and Humification during Co-composting of Cattle Manure with Straw[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2020,36(10):1353-1361.]
[13] BULGARELLI D,GARRIDO-OTER R,MüNCH P C,et al.Structure and Function of the Bacterial Root Microbiota in Wild and Domesticated Barley[J].Cell Host & Microbe,2015,17(3):392-403.
[14] HSIEH F Y,LAVORI P W,COHEN H J,et al.An Overview of Variance Inflation Factors for Sample-size Calculation[J].Evaluation and the Health Professions,2003,26(3):239-257.
[15] CUI H,OU Y,WANG L X,et al.Tetracycline Hydrochloride-stressed Succession in Microbial Communities during Aerobic Composting:Insights into Bacterial and Fungal Structures[J].Chemosphere,2022,289:133159.
[16] BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of Animal Manures and Chemical Criteria for Compost Maturity Assessment:A Review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.
[17] MILLER F C.Composting as a Process Based on the Control of Ecologically Selective Factors[J].Soil Microbial Ecology:Applications in Agricultural and Environmental Management,1992:515-544.
[18] LI Y C,MA J,YONG X,et al.Effect of Biochar Combined with a Biotrickling Filter on Deodorization,Nitrogen Retention,and Microbial Community Succession during Chicken Manure Composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2022,343:126137.
[19] AWASTHI S K,WONG J W C,LI J,et al.Evaluation of Microbial Dynamics during Post-consumption Food Waste Composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,251:181-188.
[20] HUET J,DRUILHE C,TRÉMIER A,et al.The Impact of Compaction,Moisture Content,Particle Size and Type of Bulking Agent on Initial Physical Properties of Sludge-bulking Agent Mixtures before Composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114:428-436.
[21] 齐鲁,张俊亚,郑嘉熹,等.沸石粉和硝化抑制剂投加对污泥堆肥过程中氮素保存和温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2131-2139.[QI Lu,ZHANG Jun-ya,ZHENG Jia-xi,et al.Effects of Natural Zeolite and Nitrification Inhibitors on the Nitrogen Loss and Green House Gas (GHG) Emission during Sludge Composting[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(6):2131-2139.]
[22] BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of Animal Manures and Chemical Criteria for Compost Maturity Assessment:A Review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.
[23] ZHANG L,SUN X Y,TIAN Y.Effects of Brown Sugar and Calcium Superphosphate on the Secondary Fermentation of Green Waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,131:68-75.
[24] 贺琪,李国学,张亚宁,等.高温堆肥过程中的氮素损失及其变化规律[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(1):169-173.[HE Qi,LI Guo-xue,ZHANG Ya-ning,et al.N Loss and Its Characteristics during High Temperature Composting[J].Journal of Agro-environmental Science,2005,24(1):169-173.]
[25] 代浩,李连龙,包强,等.投加菌剂对清淤底泥好氧堆肥效果的强化作用[J].中国给水排水,2021,37(13):70-76.[DAI Hao,LI Lian-long,BAO Qiang,et al.Aerobic Composting Performance of Dredged Sediment Enhanced by Microbial Agent Addition[J].China Water & Wastewater,2021,37(13):70-76.]
[26] YU H Y,XIE B T,KHAN R,et al.The Changes in Carbon,Nitrogen Components and Humic Substances during Organic-inorganic Aerobic Co-composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2019,271:228-235.
[27] 李帆,钱坤,武际,等.过磷酸钙用量对猪粪堆肥过程及磷形态变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):1037-1044.[LI Fan,QIAN Kun,WU Ji,et al.Influence of Applying Calcium Superphosphate on Swine Manure Composting and Phosphorus Transformation[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2017,23(4):1037-1044.]
[28] 杨岩,孙钦平,李妮,等.不同过磷酸钙添加量对蔬菜废弃物堆肥的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(1):66-72.[YANG Yan,SUN Qin-ping,LI Ni,et al.Effects of Different Addition Amounts of Superphosphate on Vegetable Waste Compost[J].Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,2017,34(1):66-72.]
[29] SENGUPTA A,DICK W A.Bacterial Community Diversity in Soil under Two Tillage Practices as Determined by Pyrosequencing[J].Microbial Ecology,2015,70(3):853-859.
[30] WARTON D I,WRIGHT S T,WANG Y.Distance-based Multivariate Analyses Confound Location and Dispersion Effects[J].Methods in Ecology and Evolution,2012,3(1):89-101.
[31] XU S,LU W J,LIU Y T,et al.Structure and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Two Large Sanitary Landfills in China as Revealed by High-throughput Sequencing (MiSeq)[J].Waste Management,2017,63:41-48.
[32] LIU Y W,FENG Y,CHENG D M,et al.Dynamics of Bacterial Composition and the Fate of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements during the Co-composting with Gentamicin Fermentation Residue and Lovastatin Fermentation Residue[J].Bioresource Technology,2018,261:249-256.
[33] JIANG Z W,LU Y Y,XU J Q,et al.Exploring the Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter and Succession of Bacterial Community during Composting[J].Bioresource Technology,2019,292:121942.
[34] LIU Y W,CHENG D M,XUE J M,et al.Changes in Microbial Community Structure during Pig Manure Composting and Its Relationship to the Fate of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2020,389:122082.
[35] XU L H,ZENG X C,NIE Y,et al.Pontibacter diazotrophicus Sp.Nov.,a Novel Nitrogen-fixing Bacterium of the Family Cytophagaceae[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e92294.
[36] PARK G,NAM J,KIM J,et al.Structure and Mechanism of Surfactin Peptide from Bacillus Velezensis Antagonistic to Fungi Plant Pathogens[J].Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society,2019,40(7):704-709.
[37] SAKAI M S,DEGUCHI D,HOSODA A,et al.Ammoniibacillus agariperforans Gen. Nov.,Sp. Nov.,a Thermophilic,Agar-degrading Bacterium Isolated from Compost[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2015,65(Pt 2):570-577.
[38] WANG N,HUANG D D,SHAO M S,et al.Use of Activated Carbon to Reduce Ammonia Emissions and Accelerate Humification in Composting Digestate from Food Waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2022,347:126701.
[39] CHEN M Y,TSAY S S,CHEN K Y,et al.Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis Sp. Nov.,a Novel Thermophilic,N₂O-producing Species Isolated from Hot Springs[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2002,52(Pt 6):2155-2161.
[40] BOONE D R,LIU Y,ZHAO Z J,et al.Bacillus infernus Sp. Nov.,an Fe(Ⅲ)- and Mn(Ⅳ)-reducing Anaerobe from the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface[J].International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology,1995,45(3):441-448.