生物炭对土壤重金属化学形态影响的作用机制研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0721

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物炭作为一种新型的环境修复材料，可以利用其结构特性，通过静电吸附、离子交换、官能团络合以及沉淀等作用机制来直接吸附固定土壤重金属，同时还可以通过间接影响土壤理化性质，比如土壤pH值、有机质、氧化还原电位等，从而影响土壤中重金属形态。重金属形态在更大程度上影响着重金属的生物活性，从而产生不同的环境效应。该研究基于国内外相关文献，概述了不同类型生物炭对土壤重金属化学形态变化的影响，并从物理、化学和微生物3个角度，阐述了生物炭影响重金属化学形态的作用机制。未来的研究侧重于生物炭与微生物的相互作用对重金属形态的影响，通过多组学手段，深入分析两者相互作用影响土壤重金属形态的微生物作用机理。

关键词: 生物炭, 重金属形态, 作用机制, 土壤

Abstract: As a new type of environmental remediation material with its special structural characteristics, biochar can be used to directly adsorb and fix soil heavy metals through electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, functional group complexation, and precipitation. Biochar can also indirectly affect soil physical and chemical properties, such as soil pH, organic matter, redox potential, etc., which can also affect the forms of heavy metals in the soil. The form of heavy metals can have great influence on their biological activities and lead to different environmental effects. Based on the relevant domestic and foreign literature, this paper summarizes the impacts of different types of biochar on the chemical form of heavy metals in soil. The influences of physical, chemical and microbial mechanisms of biochar on the chemical forms of heavy metals were discussed. Further studies are needed to explore the interaction between biochar and microorganism and the impacts of its microbial mechanisms on the form of heavy metals through omics approaches.

Key words: biochar, heavy metal form, mechanism, soil

中图分类号:

梅闯, 王衡, 蔡昆争, 徐美丽, 黄飞. 生物炭对土壤重金属化学形态影响的作用机制研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 421-429.

MEI Chuang, WANG Heng, CAI Kui-zheng, XU Mei-li, HUANG Fei. Advances on Effects and Mechanisms of Biochar on Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(4): 421-429.

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