长期增施有机肥对土壤不同组分有机磷含量及微生物丰度的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2019.0544

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究不同施肥模式对土壤不同组分有机磷（Po）含量，细菌、真菌、有机磷转化相关微生物（phoD微生物）丰度和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性的影响。以长期施肥定位试验点土壤为试验材料，采用单因素随机区组设计，共选取不施肥（CK）、施氮钾肥（NK）、施氮磷钾肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）和有机无机肥配施（NPKM）5个处理。结果表明：与CK和NK处理相比，M处理土壤有机磷含量显著提高52.3%和47.8%，NPKM处理有机磷含量显著提高34.7%和30.6%。M处理土壤有效磷含量分别为CK和NK处理的34.2和31.0倍，NPKM处理有效磷含量分别为CK和NK处理的25.3和23.0倍。与CK处理比较，M和NPKM处理土壤活性Po、中度活性Po、中稳性Po和高稳性Po含量显著增加。M和NPKM处理土壤细菌、真菌、phoD微生物丰度和ALP活性均显著高于CK、NK和NPK处理。土壤活性Po、中度活性Po、中稳性Po和高稳性Po含量与phoD微生物丰度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）；活性Po、中稳性Po和高稳性Po含量与ALP活性呈显著正相关（P<0.05），且不同组分有机磷受phoD微生物丰度和ALP活性的影响程度由大到小依次均为高稳性Po、活性Po、中稳性Po和中度活性Po。土壤增施有机肥增加了土壤有机磷及不同组分有机磷含量，提高了细菌、真菌、phoD微生物丰度和ALP活性。

关键词: 有机肥, 土壤有机磷, 不同组分有机磷, 土壤phoD微生物

Abstract: The effects of different fertilization regimes on soil organic phosphorus fractions (Po), the abundances of bacteria, fungi, and microorganisms associated with soil organic phosphorus transformation (phoD-harboring microbial), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were explored by analyzing soil samples collected from a long-term fertilization experimental site. A single-factor randomized block design was adopted and five treatments were set up as follows: (1) CK, no fertilizer treatment; (2) NK, N and K fertilizer treatment; (3) NPK, N, P and K fertilizer treatment; (4) M, organic fertilizer treatment; (5) NPKM, organic and inorganic fertilizers treatment. Results show that compared with the CK and NK, soil organic phosphorus contents were significantly increased by 52.3% and 47.8% for the M, and 34.7% and 30.6% for the NPKM, respectively. The available phosphorus contents in the M was 34.2 and 31.0 times of that in the CK and NK, respectively. The available phosphorus content in the NPKM was 25.3 times and 23.0 times of that in the CK and NK, respectively. Besides, the contents of labile organic phosphorus, moderately labile organic phosphorus, moderately resistant organic phosphorus and highly resistant organic phosphorus were significantly increased for the M and NPKM, compared with the CK. In comparison with the CK, NK and NPK, organic fertilizer application (M and NPKM) significantly stimulated the abundances of bacteria, fungi, and phoD-harboring microbes, and the activity of ALP (P<0.05). In addition, soil organic phosphorus fractions were significantly and positively correlated with the phoD-harboring microbes (P<0.05). There were significant (P<0.05) positive correlations between labile Po, moderately resistant Po, highly resistant Po and ALP. The effect of phoD-harboring microbes and ALP on the organic phosphorus fractions was in the order of highly resistant Po > labile Po > moderately resistant Po > moderately labile Po. Together, the application of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of soil organic phosphorus and different organic phosphorus fractions, the abundances of bacteria, fungi and phoD-harboring microbes and the activity of alkaline phosphatase.

Key words: organic fertilizer, soil organic phosphorus, organic phosphorus fraction, soil phoD-harboring microbial

中图分类号:

S154.1
S182

王静, 王磊, 张爱君, 张辉, 张永春. 长期增施有机肥对土壤不同组分有机磷含量及微生物丰度的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2020, 36(9): 1161-1168.

WANG Jing, WANG Lei, ZHANG Ai-jun, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Yong-chun. Effects of Long-term Organic Fertilization on the Content of Soil Organic Phosphorus Fractions and Abundance of Soil Microorganism[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2020, 36(9): 1161-1168.

参考文献

[1] MCLAUGHLIN M J,BAKER T G,JAMES T R,et al.Distribution and Forms of Phosphorus and Aluminum in Acidic Topsoils Under Pastures in South-eastern Australia[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1990,28(3):371-385.
[2] 赵少华,宇万太,张璐,等.土壤有机磷研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2189-2194.[ZHAO Shao-hua,YU Wan-tai,ZHANG Lu,et al.Research Advance in Soil Organic Phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(11):2189-2194.]
[3] 范业宽,李世俊.Bowman-Cole石灰性土壤有机磷分组法的改进[J].土壤通报,2004,35(6):743-749.[FAN Ye-kuan,LI Shi-jun.A Modification of Bowmen-Cole' Fractionation Method of Soil Organic Phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(6):743-749.]
[4] 谢林花,吕家珑,张一平,等.长期施肥对石灰性土壤磷素肥力的影响:Ⅱ.无机磷和有机磷[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(5):790-794.[XIE Lin-hua,LÜ Jia-long,ZHANG Yi-ping,et al.Influence of Long-term Fertilization on Phosphorus Fertility of Calcareous Soil:Ⅱ.Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(5):790-794.]
[5] GODWIN C M,COTNER J B.Aquatic Heterotrophic Bacteria Have Highly Flexible Phosphorus Content and Biomass Stoichiometry[J].The ISME Journal,2015,9(10):2324-2327.
[6] WEI X M,HU Y J,PENG P Q,et al.Effect of P Stoichiometry on the Abundance of Nitrogen-cycle Genes in Phosphorus-limited Paddy Soil[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(7):767-776.
[7] SUN L,XUN W B,HUANG T,et al.Alteration of the Soil Bacterial Community During Parent Material Maturation Driven by Different Fertilization Treatments[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,96:207-215.
[8] BUNEMANN E K,MARSCHNER P,MCNEILL A M.Measuring Rates of Gross and Net Mineralisation of Organic Phosphorus in Soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2007,39(4):900-913.
[9] SPOHN M,KUZYAKOV Y.Phosphorus Mineralization Can Be Driven by Microbial Need for Carbon[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,61:69-75.
[10] CELESTINA C,SALE P W G,TANG C X,et al.Organic and Inorganic Amendments Did not Affect Microbial Community Composition in the Bulk Soil Differently but Did Change the Relative Abundance of Selected Taxa[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2019,70(4):ejss.12767.DOI:10.1111/ejss.12767.
[11] WEI M,HU G Q,WANG H,et al.35 Years of Manure and Chemical Fertilizer Application Alters Soil Microbial Community Composition in a Fluvo-aquic Soil in Northern China[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2017,82:27-34.
[12] LUO G W,LING N,NANNIPIERI P,et al.Long-term Fertilisation Regimes Affect the Composition of the Alkaline Phosphomonoesterase Encoding Microbial Community of a Vertisol and Its Derivative Soil Fractions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(4):375-388.
[13] SAKURAI M,WASAKI J,TOMIZAWA Y,et al.Analysis of Bacterial Communities on Alkaline Phosphatase Genes in Soil Supplied With Organic Matter[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2008,54(1):62-71.
[14] APEL A K,SOLA-LANDA A,RODRÍGUEZ-GARCÍA A,et al.Phosphate Control of phoA,phoC and phoD Gene Expression in Streptomyces Coelicolor Reveals Significant Differences in Binding of phoP to Their Promoter Regions[J].Microbiology,2007,153(10):3527-3537.
[15] VERSHININA O A,ZNAMENSKAYA L V.The Pho Regulons of Bacteria[J].Microbiology,2002,71(5):497-511.
[16] HU Y J,XIA Y H,SUN Q,et al.Effects of Long-term Fertilization on phoD-harboring Bacterial Community in Karst Soils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,628/629:53-63.
[17] FIERER N,JACKSON J A,VILGALYS R,et al.Assessment of Soil Microbial Community Structure by Use of Taxon-specific Quantitative PCR Assays[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):4117-4120.
[18] RAGOT S A,KERTESZ M A,BÜNEMANN E K.PhoD Alkaline Phosphatase Gene Diversity in Soil[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2015,81(20):7281-7289.
[19] 中国土壤学会农业化学专业委员会.土壤农业化学常规分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1983:95-102,401-402.
[20] 南京农学院.土壤农化分析[M].北京:农业出版社,1980.
[21] BOWMAN R A,COLE C V.An Exploratory Method for Fractionation of Organic Phosphorus From Grassland Soils[J].Soil Science,1978,125(2):95-101.
[22] 关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986:310-313.
[23] 尹岩,梁成华,杜立宇,等.施用有机肥对土壤有机磷转化的影响研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(4):39-43.[YIN Yan,LIANG Cheng-hua,DU Li-yu,et al.Effect of Manure on Transformation of Organic Phosphorus in Paddy Soil[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2012(4):39-43.]
[24] AHMED W,HUANG J,LIU K,et al.Changes in Phosphorus Fractions Associated With Soil Chemical Properties Under Long-term Organic and Inorganic Fertilization in Paddy Soils of Southern China[J].PLoS one,2019,14(5):e0216881.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0216881.
[25] 李和生,马宏瑞,赵春生.根际土壤有机磷的分组及其有效性分析[J].土壤通报,1998,29(3):21-23.DOI:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.1998.03.009.
[26] LAGOS L M,ACUÑA J J,MARUYAMA F,et al.Effect of Phosphorus Addition on Total and Alkaline Phosphomonoesterase-harboring Bacterial Populations in Ryegrass Rhizosphere Microsites[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2016,52(7):1007-1019.
[27] TAN H,BARRET M,MOOIJ M J,et al.Long-term Phosphorus Fertilisation Increased the Diversity of the Total Bacterial Community and the phoD Phosphorus Mineraliser Group in Pasture Soils[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(6):661-672.
[28] RAGOT S A,HUGUENIN-ELIE O,KERTESZ M A,et al.Total and Active Microbial Communities and phoD as Affected by Phosphate Depletion and pH in Soil[J].Plant and Soil,2016,408(1/2):15-30.
[29] 袁佳慧,汪玉,王慎强,等.稻麦轮作磷肥减施下水稻土磷素生物有效性特征[J].生态与农村环境学报,2018,34(7):599-605.[YUAN Jia-hui,WANG Yu,WANG Shen-qiang,et al.Characteristic of Soil P Availability in Reduced P-Input Rice-wheat Cropping Rotation Paddy Soils[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2018,34(7):599-605.
[30] CHEN X D,JIANG N,CONDRON L M,et al.Impact of Long-term Phosphorus Fertilizer Inputs on Bacterial phoD Gene Community in a Maize Field,Northeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,669:1011-1018.
[31] JORQUERA M A,MARTÍNEZ O A,MARILEO L G,et al.Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Composition of Rhizobacterial Communities of Two Chilean Andisol Pastures[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,30(1):99-107.
[32] 化党领,介晓磊,张一平,等.有机肥对石灰性土壤肥力属性的长期影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(9):1053-1057.[HUA Dang-ling,JIE Xiao-lei,ZHANG Yi-ping,et al.Long-term Effects of Organic Manure on the Fertility Properties of Calcareous Soil[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(9):1053-1057.]