城市景观格局对鸟类群落的影响:以南京溧水区为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0454

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在城市景观中，鸟类群落对环境中食物和栖息场所依赖性较强，环境因子与城市鸟类的关系非常密切。然而，城市土地覆被格局对鸟类群落的影响模式仍然不够明确。2019年1-10月，采用固定样线法对南京市溧水区鸟类群落进行调查，并探究城市鸟类多样性与土地覆被之间的关系。结果表明，不同季节鸟类物种数和多样性指数均存在显著差异，春季和秋季鸟类物种数显著大于冬季；春、夏和秋季多样性指数均显著大于冬季；春季均匀度指数显著大于冬季；不同季节个体数无显著差异。鸟类物种数与农田面积占比、林地面积占比和景观多样性指数呈显著正相关；个体数与草地面积占比呈显著负相关，与景观多样性指数呈显著正相关；多样性指数与农田面积占比呈显著正相关。在春、夏和冬季，杂食性、肉食性和食谷鸟类个体数量与草地面积占比呈正相关，食虫和食果鸟类数量与林地面积占比呈正相关；春、夏季杂食性、肉食性和食谷鸟类数量与景观多样性指数呈正相关；冬季杂食性鸟类数量与建设用地面积占比呈正相关；秋季鸟类各食性集团个体数与土地覆被之间关系不显著。为提高城市鸟类个体数和物种数，建议在城市规划和管理中，增加土地覆被格局的多样性，提高林地面积占比，丰富草地环境异质性。

关键词: 城市景观, 鸟类多样性, 环境因子, 冗余分析

Abstract: Birds are highly dependent on food and habitat in urban landscape, and environmental factors are closely related to urban birds. However, the effect of land cover patterns on bird communities in urban areas remains unclear. From January to October, 2019, fixed line transect method was used to investigate the relationship between urban bird diversity and land cover in Lishui District, Nanjing, China. The results show that there were significant differences in the number and diversity index of bird species among seasons. The individual numbers of birds in spring and autumn were significantly larger than that in winter. The diversity indices in spring, summer and autumn were larger than that in winter, and the evenness index in spring was greater than that in winter. No significant difference was found in the number of individuals among seasons. The species richness was positively correlated with the proportion of farmland area, forest area and the landscape diversity index. The number of individuals was negatively correlated with the proportion of grassland area, and positively with the landscape diversity index. The diversity index was positively correlated with the proportion of farmland area. During spring, summer and winter, the individual numbers of omnivorous, carnivorous and granivorous birds were positively correlated with the proportion of grassland area, while the numbers of insectivorous and frugivorous birds were positively correlated with the proportion of forest area. The numbers of omnivorous, carnivorous and granivorous birds were positively correlated with landscape diversity index in spring and summer. The number of omnivorous birds was positively correlated with the proportion of construction land area in winter. The individual number in bird feeding guilds and the land cover pattern in autumn showed no significant correlations. In order to increase the number of bird individuals and species, it is suggested to increase the diversity of land cover pattern, and the proportion of woodland area, and to enrich the environmental heterogeneity of grassland in urban planning and management.

Key words: urban landscape, bird diversity, environmental factors, redundancy analysis

中图分类号:

X176
Q958.1

朱光, 王雪, 张文文, 吴翼, 雍凡, 李春林, 崔鹏. 城市景观格局对鸟类群落的影响:以南京溧水区为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(3): 327-333.

ZHU Guang, WANG Xue, ZHANG Wen-wen, WU Yi, YONG Fan, LI Chun-lin, CUI Peng. Effects of Urban Landscape Pattern on Bird Community: A Case Study of Lishui District, Nanjing[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(3): 327-333.

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