黑麦草草帘浮床对农田排水中氮的去除效果

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0659

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态沟渠是农业面源污染治理的关键环节。自主研发黑麦草生态草帘并将其应用于生态沟渠中,探讨其对模拟农田排水中氮的去除效果并考察植物的生长状态。结果表明:致密型草帘外加5 kg·m^-2过筛细土培育的黑麦草长势最好。流水试验中,低氮浓度〔ρ(TN)=8.16 mg·L^-1〕进水阶段,高流量(5.0 L·min^-1,D1)和低流量(2.5 L·min^-1,D2)下黑麦草草帘对NH₄⁺-N去除率分别可达到56.8%和40.5%,高于无植物对照(25.6%),这可能是反硝化及植物拦截吸收等共同作用的结果;在高氮浓度〔ρ(TN)= 20.53 mg·L^-1〕进水阶段,D1与D2对NH₄⁺-N平均去除率有所下降,分别为44.6%和32.1%。整个流水试验阶段,黑麦草草帘对TN的平均去除率不高(13.1%~22.3%),且上、中、下层水之间均无显著差异。在ρ(TN)=8.16 mg·L^-1、进水流量为1.5~2.5 L·min^-1条件下黑麦草长势较好,且对NH₄⁺-N去除效率较高。因此采用致密型草帘上覆一定细土进行育苗,制成的黑麦草草帘浮床可用于低氮负荷污染水体的拦截净化。今后可通过混播其他草种或增加草帘浮床覆盖率等方式进一步增强氮去除效率,提升其应用潜力。

关键词: 生态沟渠, 氮, 黑麦草, 农业面源污染

Abstract: The ecological ditches are the key links of agricultural non-point source pollution control. In the present study, ecological ryegrass mats were developed independently and applied in ecological ditches. The removal effect for nitrogen in the simulated farmland drainage by floating ryegrass mat was discussed, and also the growth state of the plants. Results showed that, the growth state of ryegrass were best cultivating in compact mat plus 5 kg·m^-2 sieved fine soil. In the low influent nitrogen concentration stage of the flowing experiment (TN: 8.16 mg·L^-1), the removal rates of NH₄⁺-N were 56.8% and 40.5% in the treatment of high flow velocity (D1) and low flow velocity (D2), respectively, which were higher than Control-without plants in (25.6%). This is the result of denitrification and plant absorption. However, in the high influent nitrogen concentration stage (TN: 20.53 mg·L^-1), the removal rates of NH₄⁺-N dropped to 44.6% and 32.1% in the treatment of D1 and D2, respectively. In the whole stage of the flowing experiment, the average removal rates of TN were not high (13.1%-22.3%), and were not different significantly among top, middle, and bottom layers. Under the conditions of TN influent concentration of about 8.16 mg·L^-1 and influent flow of 1.5-2.5 L ·min^-1, the ryegrass grew better and the removal rates of NH₄⁺-N were higher. Therefore, the dense straw curtain covered with a certain amount of soil was chosen for seedling raising, it can be used for interception and purification of water polluted by low nitrogen load. In the future, the nitrogen removal efficiency can be further enhanced and the application potential can be improved by mixing other grass species or increasing the coverage of grass curtain floating bed.

Key words: ecological ditch, nitrogen, ryegrass, agricultural non-point source pollution

中图分类号:

X171

舒同, 周佳林, 段婧婧, 薛利祥, 冯彦房, 薛利红, 杨林章. 黑麦草草帘浮床对农田排水中氮的去除效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(6): 787-794.

SHU Tong, ZHOU Jia-lin, DUAN Jing-jing, XUE Li-xiang, FENG Yan-fang, XUE Li-hong, YANG Lin-zhang. Study on Nitrogen Removal Effect for Farmland Drainage by Floating Ryegrass Mat[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(6): 787-794.

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