基于氮磷农田利用的黄淮海地区畜禽粪尿土地承载力研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0516

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为评估黄淮海地区畜禽粪尿土地承载力，以《畜禽养殖业源产排污系数手册》为基础，采用2018年国家及地方统计年鉴数据，测算了黄淮海地区畜禽粪尿总量、耕地畜禽粪尿氮磷负荷和畜禽养殖环境风险指数，并基于氮磷农田利用估算了该地区畜禽粪尿土地承载力及发展潜力。结果表明：（1）2017年黄淮海地区畜禽养殖的粪尿、氮和磷产生量分别为31 434.18万、172.90万和31.10万t，单位面积耕地的畜禽粪尿、氮和磷负荷分别为12.00 t·hm^-2、66.05 kg·hm^-2和11.88 kg·hm^-2；（2）畜禽污染物耕地负荷总体上处于较低水平，81.82%的城市畜禽粪尿耕地负荷低于15 t·hm^-2，70.91%的城市畜禽氮负荷低于75 kg·hm^-2，78.18%的城市畜禽磷负荷低于15 kg·hm^-2；（3）从畜禽养殖环境风险看，北京属削减养殖区，天津、秦皇岛、烟台属严格控制区，威海、日照、德州、滨州、洛阳、许昌、漯河属适当控制区，邢台、安阳、商丘、枣庄、亳州、淮北、徐州、连云港、盐城、淮安属重点发展区，其余地区属一般发展区；（4）黄淮海地区基于氮磷农田利用的土地承载力为42 262.70万头猪当量，畜禽养殖潜力值为26 469.82万头猪当量，其中北京需削减66.34万头猪当量，天津、安徽、江苏、河北、河南和山东畜禽发展潜力分别为104.56万、3 569.14万、3 691.77万、4 189.90万、8 371.26万和6 609.53万头猪当量。

关键词: 黄淮海地区, 畜禽粪尿, 土地承载力, 氮, 磷, 环境风险指数

Abstract: To evaluate the land bearing capacity of livestock and poultry (LP) manure in Huang-Huai-Hai region, the total amount of LP manure, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) load of LP manure in farmland, and environmental risk index of LP breeding in Huang-Huai-Hai region were calculated using the handbook of "Pollutant Generation Coefficient and Discharge Coefficient in Livestock and Poultry Breeding Industry" and the data of national and local statistical yearbooks in 2018. The land bearing capacity and development potential of LP manure in this region were then estimated based on the N and P utilization in farmland. The results show that, (1) in 2017, the amount of livestock and poultry manure in Huang-Huai-Hai region was 314.341 8 million tons, including TN 1.729 0 million tons and TP 0.311 0 million tons; the livestock and poultry manure, N and P load in farmland were 12.00 t·hm^-2, 66.05 kg·hm^-2and 11.88 kg·hm^-2, respectively. (2) Farmland load of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants in most areas of Huang-Huai-Hai region were at a low level, as livestock and poultry manure load in 81.82% of cities, N load in 70.91% of cities, and P load in 78.18% of cities were less than 15 t·hm^-2, 75 kg·hm^-2, and 15 kg·hm^-2, respectively. (3) According to the environmental risk level of livestock and poultry breeding, Beijing belonged to the Cut-breeding area; Tianjin, Qinhuangdao and Yantai belonged to Strictly-controlled area; Weihai, Rizhao, Dezhou, Binzhou, Luoyang, Xuchang and Luohe belonged to Proper-control area; Xingtai, Anyang, Shangqiu, Zaozhuang, Bozhou, Huaibei, Xuzhou, Lianyungang, Yancheng and Huai'an belonged to Key-development area; and the others belonged to General-development area. (4) Land bearing capacity in the whole Huang-Huai-Hai region based on N and P utilization in farmland was 422.627 0 million pig equivalent, and the livestock and poultry breeding potential value was 264.698 2 million pigs equivalent; about 0.663 4 million pig equivalent should be cut in Beijing, while the development potential of livestock and poultry manure in Tianjing, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Henan and Shandong were 1.045 6, 35.691 4, 36.917 7, 41.899 0, 83.712 6 and 66.095 3 million pigs equivalent, respectively.

Key words: Huang-Huai-Hai region, livestock and poultry manure, farmland load, nitrogen, phosphorus, environmental risk index

中图分类号:

X713

陈广银, 曹海南, 丁同刚, 霍伟洁, 潘义欣. 基于氮磷农田利用的黄淮海地区畜禽粪尿土地承载力研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(6): 714-723.

CHEN Guang-yin, CAO Hai-nan, DING Tong-gang, HUO Wei-jie, PAN Yi-xin. Bearing Capacity of Livestock and Poultry Manure in Huang-Huai-Hai Region Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Farmland Utilization[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(6): 714-723.

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