镉污染土壤上不同水稻品种的镉积累与减污潜力

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0123

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了比较镉(Cd)污染土壤上不同品种水稻对Cd的积累能力,以筛选获得具有减污潜力的Cd高积累水稻品种,以6种具有不同Cd积累能力的水稻品种为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,比较了不同品种水稻分别在Cd含量为0.41 mg·kg^-1(轻微污染)和0.80 mg·kg^-1(轻度污染)2种土壤上的农艺性状和Cd积累特征,分析水稻地上部移除后盆栽土壤中CaCl₂提取态和NH₄OAc提取态Cd的含量变化以及不同品种水稻对Cd的减污修复潜力。结果表明,水稻品种泸优616(Lu-616)、383和扬稻6号(9311)地上部生物量较大,茎叶和糙米中Cd含量显著高于其他水稻,其地上部生物富集系数大于1,而水稻品种371和黄华占(HHZ)的Cd积累能力较弱,不同品种水稻的Cd积累能力与其Cd积累相关单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分子标记的检测结果一致。在轻微污染土壤中,水稻Lu-616和9311对Cd的吸取总量分别为40.11和22.24 μg·盆^-1;在轻度污染土壤中,水稻Lu-616、383和9311对Cd的吸取总量分别为127.46、93.76和90.58 μg·盆^-1。水稻收获后,除HHZ外,轻度污染土壤中CaCl₂提取态和NH₄OAc提取态Cd含量均有所下降,且CaCl₂提取态Cd的降低率高于NH₄OAc提取态。水稻Lu-616、383和9311的盆栽土壤中NH₄OAc提取态Cd的降低率分别达14.36%、21.29%和14.47%,水稻地上部Cd的吸取量与土壤中CaCl₂提取态、NH₄OAc提取态Cd的降低量均呈正相关关系。研究结果可为Cd污染稻田土壤的减污修复提供一种植物解决方案。

关键词: 镉, 水稻品种, 植物修复, 有效态, 减污潜力

Abstract: In order to compare the cadmium (Cd) accumulation capacity of different rice varieties in Cd-contaminated soils, and to screen the high Cd-accumulating rice varieties with strong pollution reduction potential, pot experiments were conducted in this study to analyze the agronomic traits and Cd accumulation characteristics of 6 different rice varieties on two Cd-contaminated soils with Cd concentration of 0.41 mg·kg^-1 (slightly polluted soil) and 0.80 mg·kg^-1 (mildly polluted soil), respectively. The changes in CaCl₂ extractable and NH₄OAc extractable Cd content in the soil after the removal of the rice plants were also compared. The results show that rice varieties Luyou 616 (Lu-616), 383 and Yangdao 6 (9311) had larger aboveground biomass, and the Cd contents in their shoots and unpolished rice were significantly higher than those of other varieties. The aboveground bioaccumulation factors (BCF) of these rice varieties were > 1. Meanwhile, rice varieties 371 and Huanghuazhan (HHZ) showed lower Cd accumulation capability, and the Cd accumulation capability of all the rice varieties were consistent with the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) test of their Cd-accumulation related molecular markers. In the slightly Cd-polluted soil, the amount of Cd uptake by the rice varieties Lu-616 and 9311 were 40.11 and 22.24 μg per pot, respectively. In the mildly Cd-polluted soil, the amount of Cd uptake by rice varieties Lu-616, 383 and 9311 were 127.46, 93.76 and 90.58 μg per pot, respectively. After rice harvest, both the CaCl₂ and NH₄OAc extractable Cd in the mildly polluted soil were decreased compared to the unplanted control except for the variety HHZ, and the reduction rate of CaCl₂ extractable Cd was higher than that of NH₄OAc extractable Cd. The reduction rates of NH₄OAc-extractable Cd in the soil planted with rice varieties Lu-616, 383 and 9311 reached to 14.36%, 21.29% and 14.47%, respectively. The uptake of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice were positively correlated with the reduction of CaCl₂ and NH₄OAc extractable Cd in soil. The results of the study may provide a plant solution to the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils.

Key words: cadmium, rice varieties, phytoremediation, bioavailable fraction, pollution reduction potential

中图分类号:

沈一尘, 涂晨, 邱炜, 朱侠, 范婉仪, 曹振宇, 朱晓芳, 骆永明. 镉污染土壤上不同水稻品种的镉积累与减污潜力[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(4): 547-555.

SHEN Yi-chen, TU Chen, QIU Wei, ZHU Xia, FAN Wan-yi, CAO Zhen-yu, ZHU Xiao-fang, LUO Yong-ming. Cadmium Accumulation and Pollution Reduction Potential of Different Rice Varieties on Cadmium-contaminated Soils[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(4): 547-555.

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